Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is caring for a child with Neuroblastoma. Where is the tumor most commonly located?

• A. Bone
• B. Kidneys
• C. Cortex
• D. Abdomen

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Neuroblastoma is a cancer that commonly originates in the adrenal glands located in the abdomen. It can also occur in nerve tissues along the spine, but it is most frequently found in the abdominal region. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as Neuroblastoma typically arises from neural crest cells in the adrenal glands or sympathetic ganglia, not in the bones, kidneys, or cortex.

2. Identification and treatment of cryptorchid testes should be done by age 2 years. What is an important consideration?

• A. Medical therapy is not effective after this age.
• B. Treatment is necessary to maintain the ability to be fertile when older.
• C. The younger child can tolerate the extensive surgery needed.
• D. Sexual reassignment may be necessary if treatment is not successful.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Early treatment of cryptorchidism is essential to preserve fertility and prevent complications such as testicular cancer. Surgery is usually well-tolerated, and sexual reassignment is not typically related to this condition.

3. For minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), prednisone is effective when what occurs?

• A. Appetite increases and blood pressure is normal
• B. Urinary tract infection is gone and edema subsides
• C. Generalized edema subsides and blood pressure is normal
• D. Diuresis occurs as urinary protein excretion diminishes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The effectiveness of prednisone in treating MCNS is indicated by diuresis and a decrease in urinary protein excretion. Subsidence of generalized edema is also a positive sign, but the key indicator is the reduction in proteinuria, which is achieved through diuresis.

4. A 2-year-old child has a chronic history of constipation and is brought to the clinic for evaluation. What should the therapeutic plan initially include?

• A. Bowel cleansing
• B. Dietary modification
• C. Structured toilet training
• D. Behavior modification

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Dietary modification is often the first step in managing chronic constipation in children, focusing on increasing fiber and fluid intake. Other interventions like bowel cleansing and toilet training may follow if dietary changes are insufficient.

5. Which nursing intervention should be included in the postoperative care of a child following a tonsillectomy?

• A. Encourage the child to blow the nose gently
• B. Notify the physician if mucus is observed in the emesis
• C. Position the child supine in the immediate postoperative period
• D. Avoid giving citrus juice

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Avoid giving citrus juice.' Citrus juice can irritate the throat after a tonsillectomy, so it should be avoided. Choice A is incorrect because blowing the nose gently is not a recommended intervention following a tonsillectomy. Choice B is incorrect as mucus in emesis is not uncommon postoperatively and does not necessarily require physician notification. Choice C is incorrect as positioning the child supine immediately postoperatively can increase the risk of airway obstruction and should be avoided.

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