Nursing Elites

1. The decades between the 1960s and 1980s brought about many changes in nursing. Which of the following contributed to advances in nursing?

• A. Decreased demand for health care
• B. Development of specialty care disciplines
• C. Gender discrimination
• D. Advances in technology leading to more generalized care

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the development of specialty care disciplines, such as intensive care, neurosurgical techniques, and cardiothoracic surgery, played a significant role in advancing nursing during the specified decades. Choice A is incorrect as decreased demand for health care would not drive advances in nursing. Choice C is also incorrect as gender discrimination, while an issue in the past, does not directly relate to the advancements in nursing during this period. Choice D is incorrect because advances in technology usually lead to more specialized care rather than generalized care.

2. Which action by a patient indicates that the home health nurse�s teaching about glargine and regular insulin has been successful?

• A. The patient administers the glargine 30 minutes before each meal
• B. The patient�s family prefills the syringes with the mix of insulins weekly.
• C. The patient draws up the regular insulin and then the glargine in the same syringe.
• D. The patient disposes of the open vials of glargine and regular insulin after 4 weeks

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

3. Under which category does a violation of the nurse practice act fall?

• A. Juvenile offenses
• B. Felonies
• C. Misdemeanors
• D. Torts

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A violation of the nurse practice act falls under the category of tort. Tort refers to civil wrongs that cause harm or loss to another person, and a violation of the nurse practice act can result in a civil lawsuit against the nurse for negligence or malpractice. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because a violation of the nurse practice act does not fall under juvenile offenses, felonies, or misdemeanors, but rather under civil wrongs known as torts.

4. When trying to facilitate change in the staff, it is necessary to build trust and recognize the need for change. This type of action is known as which of the following, according to Lewin's Force-Field Model?

• A. Moving the system to a new level
• B. Unfreezing the system
• C. Refreezing the system
• D. Institutionalization

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Unfreezing the system.' In Lewin's Force-Field Model, unfreezing is the stage where the existing equilibrium is disrupted to motivate participants and prepare them for change. Building trust and recognizing the need for change are essential components of this stage. Choice A, 'Moving the system to a new level,' does not specifically address the initial stage of disruption. Choice C, 'Refreezing the system,' comes after change has been implemented, not before. Choice D, 'Institutionalization,' refers to the stage where the change becomes the new norm, which is different from unfreezing.

5. Which of the following is a leadership style that assumes individuals are motivated by internal forces and uses participation and majority rule to get work done?

• A. Autocratic leadership
• B. Laissez-faire leadership
• C. Democratic leadership
• D. Transactional leadership

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Democratic leadership is a leadership style that operates on the belief that individuals are motivated by internal forces. It involves encouraging participation and decision-making through majority rule to accomplish tasks. This leadership approach fosters collaboration, empowerment, and involvement of team members in decision-making processes. Autocratic leadership (choice A) is characterized by centralized control and little input from team members. Laissez-faire leadership (choice B) involves minimal interference and provides little guidance or direction. Transactional leadership (choice D) is based on exchanges between leaders and followers for desired outcomes, focusing on rewards and punishments rather than internal motivation and participation.

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