Nursing Elites

1. When is infertility said to exist?

• A. When a woman has no uterus
• B. When a woman has no children
• C. When a couple has been trying to conceive for 1 year without success
• D. When a couple has desired a child for 6 months

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant despite having frequent, unprotected sex for at least a year for most couples. Therefore, the correct answer is C. A, B, and D are incorrect. While having no uterus (choice A) may result in infertility, it is not the sole determining factor. Similarly, not having children (choice B) does not automatically indicate infertility. Lastly, the time frame of 6 months (choice D) is not sufficient to determine infertility; typically, a year of trying without success is required for such a diagnosis.

2. The client is discussing sources of carbohydrates with a nurse recently diagnosed with diabetes. Which food(s) identified by the client indicate understanding? (SATA)

• A. Starch
• B. Fiber
• C. Sugar
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because starch, fiber, and sugar are all sources of carbohydrates. Starchy foods like bread, rice, and potatoes contain starch; fruits, vegetables, and whole grains provide fiber; and sugars are found in sweet foods like fruits, honey, and desserts. Fatty acids and amino acids are not sources of carbohydrates, so choices A, B, and C are correct while choices A and B are incorrect.

3. Bacterial growth and plaque formation are enhanced by a diet with frequent intake of retentive carbohydrates. Gingivitis is an irreversible change in the interdental papillary tissues.

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The first statement is true; retentive carbohydrates promote bacterial growth and plaque formation. However, the second statement is false; gingivitis is not irreversible and is often reversible with proper care. Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums due to plaque buildup and poor oral hygiene. With good oral hygiene practices and professional dental care, gingivitis can be reversed. The other choices are incorrect because gingivitis is not irreversible, making statement two false.

4. A nurse is teaching about nutrition to a client who has a new diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Increase phosphorus intake
• B. Limit calcium intake
• C. Limit protein intake
• D. Increase potassium intake

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct recommendation for a client with chronic kidney disease is to limit protein intake. Excessive protein consumption can strain the kidneys as they work to eliminate waste products from protein metabolism. This can worsen kidney function in individuals with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, limiting protein intake is crucial in managing this condition. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Increasing phosphorus intake can be harmful in kidney disease as it can lead to mineral imbalances. Limiting calcium intake is not typically necessary unless the client has specific complications. Increasing potassium intake may also be inappropriate as potassium levels can be affected in kidney disease.

5. For a client with a history of gout, which food should be included in their diet?

• A. Red meat
• B. Whole grains
• C. High-fat dairy
• D. Processed meats

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Whole grains are low in purines and are a better choice for someone with gout.

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