Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who has neutropenia as a result of radiation therapy for the treatment of lung cancer. Which of the following should the nurse plan to include in the teaching?

• A. Bottled water is an appropriate choice to increase fluid intake.
• B. The salad bar is a healthy choice when dining out.
• C. Soft-boiled eggs are an appropriate source of protein.
• D. Eating at a buffet is a good choice to increase caloric intake.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In neutropenia, which is a low count of neutrophils, the client is at a high risk of infection. It is crucial to emphasize the importance of proper hydration to maintain overall health. Bottled water is a safe choice as it reduces the risk of exposure to contaminants that could further compromise the client's immune system. The other options, like the salad bar, soft-boiled eggs, and eating at a buffet, may not be suitable for a client with neutropenia due to the risk of bacterial contamination or exposure to pathogens that could lead to infections, which should be avoided.

2. Which is NOT a characteristic or function of lipids?

• A. Involved in energy metabolism and storage
• B. Provide insulation and protection
• C. Act as hormones that regulate the body
• D. Are hydrophilic

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Lipids are known for several functions including involvement in energy metabolism and storage (Choice A), providing insulation and protection (Choice B), and acting as hormones that regulate the body (Choice C). However, lipids are not hydrophilic (water-attracting), contrary to choice D. They are actually hydrophobic, meaning they repel water and do not mix well with it. This is a key property that differentiates them from many other biological molecules.

3. In obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity on a catheterized patient, the nurse is correct if:

• A. Clamp the catheter for 30 minutes, Alcoholize the tube above the clamp site, Obtain a sterile syringe and draw the
• B. Alcoholize the self sealing port, obtain a sterile syringe and draw the specimen on the self sealing port
• C. Disconnect the drainage bag, obtain a sterile syringe and draw the specimen from the drainage bag
• D. Disconnect the tube, obtain a sterile syringe and draw the specimen from the tube

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

4. To prevent baby bottle tooth decay, what should the nurse instruct?

• A. Water
• B. Milk
• C. Iron-fortified formula
• D. Unsweetened fruit juice

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Water. Water is the best choice to prevent baby bottle tooth decay as it does not cause tooth decay and is a good option for bedtime bottles. Milk (choice B) and iron-fortified formula (choice C) contain sugars that can contribute to tooth decay. Unsweetened fruit juice (choice D) also contains natural sugars that can be harmful to the baby's teeth.

5. What is the digestive action of lipase?

• A. It breaks down carbohydrates
• B. It breaks down proteins
• C. It breaks down lipids
• D. It aids in fat digestion

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Lipase is an enzyme that specifically breaks down lipids (fats) during the process of digestion, converting them into fatty acids and glycerol. This is why option C is the correct answer. Although option D is partially correct, it's less specific than option C. Lipase does not break down carbohydrates or proteins, so options A and B are incorrect.

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