the clinic nurse is reviewing the immunization guidelines for hepatitis b which are true of the guidelines for this vaccine

ATI RN

Nursing Care of Children ATI

1. The clinic nurse is reviewing the immunization guidelines for hepatitis B. Which are true of the guidelines for this vaccine?

A. The hepatitis B vaccination series should be begun at birth
B. All are applicable
C. Any child not vaccinated at birth should receive two doses at least 4 months apart
D. An unimmunized 10-year-old child should receive three doses administered 4 weeks apart

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hepatitis B vaccination should start at birth, and any child or adolescent not vaccinated should complete the series. Adolescents should receive three doses if they were not previously vaccinated.

2. When assessing a preschooler's chest, what should the nurse expect?

A. Respiratory movements to be chiefly thoracic
B. Anteroposterior diameter to be equal to the transverse diameter
C. Retraction of the muscles between the ribs on respiratory movement
D. Movement of the chest wall to be symmetric bilaterally and coordinated with breathing

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In a preschooler, chest movement should be symmetric and coordinated with breathing, indicating healthy respiratory function.

3. The parent of a 2-week-old infant asks the nurse if fluoride supplements are necessary because the infant is exclusively breastfed. What is the nurse's best response?

A. The infant needs to begin taking them now.
B. Supplements are not needed if you drink fluoridated water.
C. The infant may need to begin taking them at age 6 months.
D. The infant can have infant cereal mixed with fluoridated water instead of supplements.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Breastfed infants may need fluoride supplements starting at 6 months if they are not receiving fluoride from other sources, such as drinking water.

4. A new dad is concerned about his toddler's play patterns. The nurse informs him that ____________ play is normally exhibited by toddlers:

A. Associative
B. Team
C. Solitary
D. Parallel

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Parallel.' Parallel play is a common play pattern observed in toddlers where they play alongside each other without direct interaction. This type of play allows toddlers to observe and mimic each other's actions, aiding in their social development. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Associative play involves some interaction between children, team play involves organized group activities, and solitary play is when a child plays alone, all of which are not typically exhibited by toddlers during play.

5. What is the primary symptom of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a newborn?

A. Cyanosis
B. Bradycardia
C. Absent breath sounds
D. Tachypnea

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Absent breath sounds on the affected side are a primary symptom of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Cyanosis, bradycardia, and tachypnea may also be present but are not the primary symptom. Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin due to poor oxygenation, bradycardia is a slower than normal heart rate, and tachypnea is rapid breathing.