Nursing Elites

1. The client is on enalapril (Vasotec) for hypertension. What side effect is most commonly associated with this medication?

• A. Dry cough
• B. Hypotension
• C. Hyperkalemia
• D. Headache

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dry cough. A dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like enalapril. ACE inhibitors can cause the accumulation of bradykinin, leading to irritation of the respiratory tract and resulting in a persistent dry cough. Hypotension (choice B) is a possible side effect of ACE inhibitors but is less common than a dry cough. Hyperkalemia (choice C) is another side effect of ACE inhibitors, but it is not the most commonly associated one. Headache (choice D) is not a common side effect of enalapril compared to a dry cough. Therefore, the most commonly associated side effect with enalapril is a dry cough.

2. This is a test that measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood, often used to assess respiratory function.

• A. Pulse oximetry
• B. Spirometry
• C. Arterial blood gas (ABG)
• D. Lung function test

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Pulse oximetry. Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive test that measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood, helping to assess respiratory and cardiovascular function. Choice B, Spirometry, measures lung function by assessing airflow and volume. Choice C, Arterial blood gas (ABG), evaluates the acidity, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels in the blood. Choice D, Lung function test, is a broad term that may include various tests to assess lung health, but specifically measuring oxygen saturation is done through pulse oximetry.

3. The client is given an alpha agonist. What might it be used for?

• A. For hemostasis
• B. To dilate the arteries
• C. To dilate the veins
• D. To decrease afterload

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Alpha agonists are used for hemostasis to help control bleeding by constricting blood vessels, leading to decreased blood flow to the area. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as alpha agonists do not typically dilate arteries, dilate veins, or decrease afterload.

4. Where is the impulse from the SA node delayed, enabling atrial contraction to complete before the ventricles are stimulated and contract?

• A. AV node
• B. Bundle of His
• C. SA node
• D. Aorta

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is AV node. The AV node is responsible for delaying the impulse from the SA node, allowing the atria to contract before the ventricles. This delay ensures the effective pumping of blood in a coordinated manner. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the Bundle of His is responsible for transmitting the impulse to the Purkinje fibers, the SA node is the pacemaker of the heart responsible for initiating the heartbeat, and the aorta is the main artery carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the body, respectively, none of which are involved in delaying the impulse to allow atrial contraction before ventricular contraction.

5. What is the ability of cardiac cells to generate an electrical impulse without being stimulated by an external source?

• A. Automaticity
• B. Contractility
• C. Conductivity
• D. Refractoriness

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Automaticity is the correct answer because it refers to the inherent ability of cardiac cells to generate electrical impulses without the need for external stimulation. Contractility (Choice B) is the ability of the heart muscle to contract and generate force, not related to electrical impulse generation. Conductivity (Choice C) refers to the ability of cardiac cells to transmit electrical impulses from cell to cell, not the spontaneous generation of impulses. Refractoriness (Choice D) is the period during which the cardiac cells are recovering and not able to respond to a new stimulus, not the spontaneous generation of impulses.

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