Nursing Elites

1. The client is on digoxin and has severe digoxin toxicity. What is the nursing priority action?

• A. Check the potassium level.
• B. Give Digibind as an antidote.
• C. Change the dosing of digoxin to every other day.
• D. Administer a potassium supplement to decrease digoxin toxicity.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to give Digibind as an antidote in cases of severe digoxin toxicity. Digibind works by binding to digoxin and preventing it from causing further harm. Checking the potassium level (choice A) is important but not the priority when the client has severe toxicity. Changing the dosing to every other day (choice C) is not appropriate in the setting of severe toxicity where immediate action is required. Giving a potassium supplement (choice D) may be needed eventually, but the priority is to administer Digibind to counteract the toxic effects of digoxin.

2. What is a surgical procedure to redirect blood flow around a blocked or narrowed artery, often involving the use of a graft from another part of the body?

• A. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
• B. Valve replacement
• C. Aneurysm repair
• D. Atherectomy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). This surgical procedure is used to redirect blood flow around a blocked or narrowed artery by using a graft from another part of the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because valve replacement involves replacing heart valves, aneurysm repair addresses the treatment of aneurysms, and atherectomy is a procedure to remove plaque from blood vessels, none of which match the description provided in the question.

3. What is a condition where the heart's valves do not function properly, leading to disrupted blood flow within the heart?

• A. Valvular heart disease
• B. Myocarditis
• C. Endocarditis
• D. Aneurysm

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Valvular heart disease is the correct answer. It occurs when the heart's valves malfunction, leading to disrupted blood flow within the heart. Myocarditis refers to inflammation of the heart muscle, not specifically related to valve function. Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, not necessarily caused by valve malfunction. Aneurysm is the abnormal bulging of a blood vessel, not directly related to heart valve function.

4. The client is on a beta blocker for hypertension. What should the nurse monitor for?

• A. Bradycardia
• B. Tachycardia
• C. Hypertension
• D. Respiratory distress

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: When a client is on a beta blocker for hypertension, the nurse should monitor for bradycardia. Beta blockers are known to decrease heart rate, which can lead to bradycardia. Tachycardia (choice B) is unlikely as beta blockers have the opposite effect. Hypertension (choice C) is the condition being treated, not a side effect of beta blockers. Respiratory distress (choice D) is not a common effect of beta blockers and is not typically monitored in clients taking beta blockers.

5. Which type of heart valve disease occurs when the mitral valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward into the left atrium?

• A. Mitral regurgitation
• B. Aortic stenosis
• C. Tricuspid regurgitation
• D. Pulmonary hypertension

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mitral regurgitation is the correct answer. It occurs when the mitral valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward into the left atrium. This condition can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and if left untreated, it can progress to heart failure. Aortic stenosis (choice B) is a different heart valve condition characterized by narrowing of the aortic valve, restricting blood flow from the heart. Tricuspid regurgitation (choice C) involves the tricuspid valve not closing properly, leading to blood flowing back into the right atrium. Pulmonary hypertension (choice D) is a condition characterized by high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs.

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