sources of water intake include

ATI RN

ATI Fluid and Electrolytes

1. Which of the following are sources of water intake?

A. Drinking fluids.
B. Consuming water from the food we eat.
C. Water from metabolic processes.
D. Drinking fluids, consuming water from the food we eat, and water from metabolic processes.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The sources of water intake include drinking fluids, consuming water from the food we eat, and water from metabolic processes. Water intake is not solely from the liquids we drink but also from the water content present in the food we consume and the water produced during metabolic processes such as cellular respiration. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it covers all the sources of water intake. Options A, B, and C alone do not encompass all the sources of water intake, making them incorrect choices.

2. A nurse is caring for a client with a peripheral vascular access device who is experiencing pain, redness, and swelling at the site. After removing the device, which action should the nurse take to relieve pain?

A. Administer topical lidocaine to the site.
B. Place warm compresses on the site.
C. . Administer prescribed oral pain medication.
D. Massage the site with scented oils.

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

3. A nurse is caring for a client who has a serum calcium level of 14 mg/dL. Which provider order should the nurse implement first?

A. Encourage oral fluid intake.
B. Connect the client to a cardiac monitor.
C. Assess urinary output.
D. Administer oral calcitonin (Calcimar).

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to encourage oral fluid intake. With a serum calcium level of 14 mg/dL, the client is at risk of hypercalcemia. Encouraging oral fluid intake helps to promote hydration and can help prevent further elevation of calcium levels. Connecting the client to a cardiac monitor (Choice B) is important but not the first priority in this situation. Assessing urinary output (Choice C) is relevant but does not address the immediate concern of high serum calcium levels. Administering oral calcitonin (Calcimar) (Choice D) may be a treatment option later, but the first step should be to address hydration.

4. The nurse in the medical ICU is caring for a patient who is in respiratory acidosis due to inadequate ventilation. What diagnosis could the patient have that could cause inadequate ventilation?

A. Endocarditis
B. Multiple myeloma
C. Guillain-Barr syndrome
D. Overdose of amphetamines

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

5. Which negative ion is most abundant in blood plasma?

A. Bicarbonate
B. Chloride
C. Hydroxide
D. Phosphate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Chloride (Cl-) is the most abundant anion in blood plasma. It plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic balance and acid-base homeostasis. Bicarbonate (Choice A) is important for buffering acids in the body but is not the most abundant negative ion in blood plasma. Hydroxide (Choice C) is not typically found in high concentrations in blood plasma. Phosphate (Choice D) is an important anion in the body but is not as abundant as chloride in blood plasma.