Nursing Elites

1. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) because ascorbic acid is required for collagen synthesis. Is this statement true or false?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not applicable
• D. Not applicable

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The statement is accurate. Scurvy is indeed caused by a deficiency in ascorbic acid, which is another name for Vitamin C. This vitamin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of collagen, a protein that helps in the formation and strength of skin, blood vessels, tissues, and bones. When the body lacks Vitamin C, it cannot produce enough collagen, leading to symptoms associated with scurvy such as bleeding gums and weakened immunity. The choice 'False' is incorrect because it contradicts the proven medical and scientific understanding of the causes of scurvy. Choices 'C' and 'D' are marked as 'Not applicable' because the question only requires a true or false answer.

2. What is the movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration called?

• A. Hypodipsia
• B. Hypernatremia
• C. Hypokalemia
• D. Osmosis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Osmosis. Osmosis is the process where water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. This movement equalizes the solute concentration in intracellular and extracellular fluids. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not describe the movement of water based on solute concentration levels.

3. While a team effort is necessary in the operating room (OR) for efficient and quality patient care delivery, the number of people in the room should be limited for infection control purposes. Which roles comprise this team?

• A. Surgeon, anesthesiologist, scrub nurse, radiologist, orderly
• B. Surgeon, assistants, scrub nurse, circulating nurse, anesthesiologist
• C. Surgeon, assistant surgeon, anesthesiologist, scrub nurse, pathologist
• D. Surgeon, assistant surgeon, anesthesiologist, intern, scrub nurse

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The roles typically present in an operating room team include the surgeon, assistants (which may include an assistant surgeon), scrub nurse, circulating nurse, and anesthesiologist. These roles are directly involved in the operation and patient care. Choice B is correct. Choice A includes a radiologist and an orderly, who are not typically part of the immediate surgical team in the OR. Choice C includes a pathologist, who usually works in a laboratory outside of the OR. Choice D includes an intern, who may or may not be part of the team, depending on the specific circumstances and hospital policy. These explanations make choices A, C, and D incorrect.

4. A nurse is providing teaching to a group of adult athletes about preventing the effects of dehydration on the body. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Impaired motor control
• B. Drop in body temperature during exercise
• C. Increase in appetite
• D. Decreased resting heart rate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Dehydration can lead to impaired motor control due to electrolyte imbalances affecting muscle function. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Dehydration typically causes an increase in body temperature during exercise, not a drop. Dehydration is more likely to suppress appetite, leading to a decrease rather than an increase in appetite. Also, dehydration often results in an increased heart rate rather than a decreased resting heart rate.

5. A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with a client who has vitamin A deficiency. Which of the following food choices should the nurse recommend as the best source of vitamin A?

• A. 1 small baked sweet potato
• B. 1 cup avocado
• C. 1 cup green beans
• D. 1 large apple

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Sweet potatoes are rich in beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A, essential for vision and immune function. Avocado (choice B) is a good source of healthy fats but not high in vitamin A. Green beans (choice C) are nutritious but not a significant source of vitamin A. Apples (choice D) are low in vitamin A compared to sweet potatoes.

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