Nursing Elites

1. _____ neutralizes stomach acid in the small intestine:

• A. saliva
• B. gastric mucus
• C. bicarbonate ions
• D. enzymes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: bicarbonate ions. Bicarbonate ions, secreted by the pancreas, neutralize the acidic chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach, creating a more suitable environment for digestive enzymes. Saliva (choice A) helps in the initial breakdown of food in the mouth, not in neutralizing stomach acid. Gastric mucus (choice B) protects the stomach lining from the acidic environment but does not neutralize the acid in the small intestine. Enzymes (choice D) facilitate chemical reactions in digestion but do not neutralize stomach acid.

2. Systemic disease often manifests in the oral cavity first. Disease within the oral cavity can cause systemic complications.

• A. Both statements are true.
• B. Both statements are false.
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are true. Systemic diseases can often present with oral manifestations before other systemic signs appear. Additionally, oral diseases can have systemic implications by affecting a person's overall health, such as through inflammation or compromised nutrient intake. Choice B is incorrect because both statements are true, as supported by medical literature. Choice C is incorrect because the second statement is also true. Choice D is incorrect because the first statement is true.

3. A client with nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus is receiving dietary teaching from a nurse and plans to make dietary adjustments. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Consume less than 45% of total calories from carbohydrates per day.
• B. Eat no more than 300 mg of cholesterol per day.
• C. Consume less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight of protein per day.
• D. Eat at least 45 g of fiber per day.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: For a client with nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus, increasing fiber intake is essential as it can help manage blood sugar levels and improve overall bowel health. Choice A is incorrect because carbohydrates should be controlled but not limited to less than 45% of total calories. Choice B is incorrect as the recommended daily cholesterol intake for individuals with diabetes is less than 200 mg. Choice C is incorrect as protein intake should be individualized based on the client's condition and should not be limited to less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight per day.

4. Toilet training occurs in the anal stage of Freud’s psychosexual development. This is equivalent to Erikson’s:

• A. Trust vs. Mistrust
• B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
• C. Initiative vs. Guilt
• D. Industry vs. Inferiority

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trust vs. Mistrust. In Freud's psychosexual development theory, the anal stage is where toilet training occurs, focusing on issues of control and independence. This stage is parallel to Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust stage, where infants learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers based on the consistency of care they receive. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they correspond to different stages in Erikson's psychosocial development theory, not related to toilet training or the anal stage of Freud's theory.

5. You are doing bed bath to the client when suddenly, The nursing assistant rushed to the room and tell you that the client from the other room was in Pain. The best intervention in such case is:

• A. Raise the side rails, cover the client and put the call bell within reach and then attend to the client in pain to give the
• B. Tell the nursing assistant to give the pain medication to the client complaining of pain
• C. Tell the nursing assistant to go the client’s room and tell the client to wait
• D. Finish the bed bath quickly then rush to the client in Pain

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

Similar Questions