recent evidence suggests that paternal alcohol use around the time of conception

ATI RN

Human Growth and Development Final Exam

1. Recent evidence suggests that paternal alcohol use around the time of conception __________.

A. can alter gene expression
B. can cause fetal alcohol syndrome
C. is linked to blood vessel abnormalities
D. has no negative effect on the developing organism

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Recent evidence suggests that paternal alcohol use around the time of conception can alter gene expression. This means that paternal alcohol consumption can potentially impact the genes and genetic materials passed on to offspring, affecting their development and health. Choice B is incorrect because fetal alcohol syndrome is typically associated with maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, not paternal alcohol use around conception. Choice C is incorrect as there is no direct link between paternal alcohol use and blood vessel abnormalities. Choice D is incorrect as paternal alcohol use can indeed have negative effects on the developing organism, particularly through altering gene expression.

2. Anoxia during labor and delivery can cause __________.

A. spina bifida
B. anencephaly
C. cerebral palsy
D. muscular dystrophy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Anoxia during labor and delivery can cause cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect a person's ability to move and maintain balance and posture. It is caused by damage to the developing brain, often due to a lack of oxygen during labor and delivery. Spina bifida (Choice A) is a neural tube defect that occurs during embryonic development and is not directly caused by anoxia during labor. Anencephaly (Choice B) is a severe neural tube defect where the baby is born without parts of the brain and skull, not typically caused by anoxia during labor. Muscular dystrophy (Choice D) is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and is not directly related to anoxia during labor and delivery.

3. The mother feels a natural urge to squeeze and push with her abdominal muscles during which stage of labor?

A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The mother feels a natural urge to squeeze and push with her abdominal muscles during the second stage of labor. This stage occurs after the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the delivery of the baby. Choice A (first) is incorrect as the first stage is mainly characterized by the dilation of the cervix. Choice C (third) is incorrect as the third stage is the delivery of the placenta, and choice D (fourth) is incorrect as the fourth stage is the recovery period after childbirth.

4. During pregnancy, the placenta __________.

A. forms in the second trimester of pregnancy
B. encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid
C. contains one large vein that delivers nutrients to the embryo
D. delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The placenta delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism during pregnancy. It is a temporary organ that forms in the first trimester of pregnancy. Choice A is incorrect as the placenta forms in the first trimester, not the second trimester. Choice B is incorrect as the amniotic sac, not the placenta, encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid. Choice C is incorrect as the placenta contains blood vessels (arteries and veins) that deliver nutrients to the embryo, not just one large vein.

5. Which statement about interventions that support parents and preterm infants is true?

A. Preterm infants whose parents receive coaching show no gains in mental test performance.
B. Babies who are both preterm and economically disadvantaged require long-term, intensive intervention.
C. For economically disadvantaged parents of preterm infants, just a few sessions of coaching are required.
D. Even for parents with adequate economic and personal resources, long-term, intensive intervention is necessary. Answer: B Page Ref: 100 Skill Level: Understand Copyright Ã‚Â© 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 29 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e interventions. Topic: Preterm and Low-Birth-Weight Infants Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Babies who are both preterm and economically disadvantaged typically require long-term, intensive intervention. This is because the combination of being born preterm and being economically disadvantaged can pose significant challenges for the infant's development. Providing ongoing support and interventions can help address these challenges and promote healthy development in these infants.