Nursing Elites

1. Prenatally malnourished babies frequently __________.

• A. reject breast milk
• B. have enlarged hearts
• C. catch respiratory illnesses
• D. have a higher-than-average birth weight

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Prenatally malnourished babies frequently catch respiratory illnesses. Malnourished babies have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to illnesses such as respiratory infections. This is a common consequence that is observed in babies who did not receive adequate nutrition during the prenatal period. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. While malnourished babies may have feeding challenges, rejecting breast milk is not a common consequence. Enlarged hearts are not typically associated with prenatal malnutrition, and having a higher-than-average birth weight is unlikely in malnourished babies.

2. An experimental design __________.

• A. allows researchers to gather information in natural life circumstances without altering the participants' experiences
• B. looks at relationships between participants' characteristics and their behavior or development
• C. permits inferences about cause and effect because researchers evenhandedly assign people to treatment conditions
• D. has one major limitation: researchers cannot infer cause and effect

Correct answer: C

Rationale: An experimental design permits inferences about cause and effect because researchers evenhandedly assign people to treatment conditions. This means that researchers can manipulate certain variables and observe the effects on participants, allowing them to determine causation between variables. This is a key strength of experimental research designs. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the primary purpose or strength of experimental designs. Experimental designs do not focus on gathering information in natural life circumstances (A), looking at relationships between characteristics and behavior (B), or have the limitation of not being able to infer cause and effect (D).

3. When the blastocyst burrows deep into the uterine lining, __________.

• A. implantation occurs
• B. pregnancy does not occur
• C. it stops growing
• D. the cells of the zygote first duplicate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When the blastocyst burrows deep into the uterine lining, this process is known as implantation. Implantation is a crucial step in the early stages of pregnancy where the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall in order to receive nourishment and continue developing. Choice B is incorrect because implantation is a necessary step for pregnancy to occur. Choice C is incorrect as implantation marks the beginning of further growth and development. Choice D is incorrect as the duplication of cells occurs during earlier stages of development, not during implantation.

4. The information-processing approach views the human mind as a __________.

• A. socially mediated process
• B. collection of stimuli and responses
• C. system of genetically programmed behaviors
• D. symbol-manipulating system through which information flows

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The information-processing approach views the human mind as a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows. This perspective emphasizes how information is received, processed, stored, and retrieved in the mind, similar to how a computer processes data through symbols and operations. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with the fundamental principles of the information-processing approach, which focuses on the mind's symbolic manipulation of information rather than being a socially mediated process, a collection of stimuli and responses, or a system of genetically programmed behaviors.

5. Which statement about the Nurse-Family Partnership is true?

• A. It is an international program to reduce the risk of teratogens.
• B. One of its goals is to promote competent early caregiving.
• C. It is a series of childbirth classes offered at many U.S. hospitals.
• D. It provides family planning and genetic counseling to couples.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement that is true about the Nurse-Family Partnership is that one of its goals is to promote competent early caregiving. The program provides support and guidance to first-time mothers to help them develop their caregiving skills and promote healthy child development. Choice A is incorrect because the program focuses on promoting healthy child development and supporting mothers, not specifically reducing the risk of teratogens. Choice C is incorrect because the Nurse-Family Partnership is not a series of childbirth classes but a program that involves home visits and support. Choice D is incorrect because the program's main focus is on supporting mothers in caregiving and child development, not primarily on family planning and genetic counseling.

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