Nursing Elites

1. One characteristic that centenarians share is

• A. a high level of exercise throughout life
• B. long-lived relatives
• C. following the Mediterranean diet
• D. never having smoked

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'never having smoked.' Research suggests that one of the common characteristics among centenarians is that they have never smoked. Smoking is a well-known risk factor for various diseases and can significantly reduce lifespan. Choice A, 'a high level of exercise throughout life,' is not a universal characteristic among centenarians, although exercise can contribute to a healthy lifestyle. Choice B, 'long-lived relatives,' while genetics can play a role in longevity, not all centenarians have long-lived relatives. Choice C, 'following the Mediterranean diet,' is a healthy dietary choice but not a defining characteristic shared by all centenarians.

2. An individual with which of the following blood type can receive only blood of that same type?

• A. Type O
• B. Type A
• C. Type B
• D. Type AB

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Type O. Individuals with blood type O can only receive blood from donors with blood type O. This is because type O blood lacks both A and B antigens, so if a person with type O blood receives blood with A, B, or AB antigens, their immune system will recognize these as foreign substances and attack them. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because individuals with type A can receive blood from A or O donors, individuals with type B can receive blood from B or O donors, and individuals with type AB can receive blood from A, B, AB, or O donors.

3. What is homeostasis?

• A. The inability to keep body weight within normal limits.
• B. Room temperature decreasing because a window is open.
• C. Ingestion of more food than needed.
• D. The tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A describes obesity, choice B describes a specific scenario with room temperature, and choice C refers to overeating, which is not related to homeostasis.

4. Is the parietal pleura a visceral membrane?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement that the parietal pleura is a visceral membrane is false. The parietal pleura is actually a membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and is responsible for protecting and cushioning the lungs. Visceral pleura, on the other hand, is the membrane that covers the surface of the lungs. Therefore, the parietal pleura is not a visceral membrane, making the correct answer 'False.' Choices C and D are not relevant as the question is asking for a true/false statement.

5. Living organisms use oxygen to __________________.

• A. reduce heat production
• B. accept electrons for cellular metabolism
• C. release energy stored in the molecules of food
• D. remove metabolic wastes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Living organisms use oxygen to release energy stored in the molecules of food through a process called cellular respiration. This process involves breaking down glucose molecules in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP. Choice A is incorrect because oxygen does not directly reduce heat production in organisms. Choice B is incorrect because oxygen is involved in accepting electrons rather than donating them in cellular metabolism. Choice D is incorrect because the removal of metabolic wastes is not the primary role of oxygen in living organisms.

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