Nursing Elites

1. Natural childbirth experts Grantly Dick-Read and Fernand Lamaze recognized that cultural attitudes about childbirth had __________.

• A. taught women to fear the birth experience
• B. helped women develop breathing techniques to lessen the pain of labor
• C. taught women that medical intervention was unnecessary in childbirth
• D. helped women focus on child rearing rather than childbirth

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Natural childbirth experts Grantly Dick-Read and Fernand Lamaze recognized that cultural attitudes about childbirth had taught women to fear the birth experience. They believed that this fear contributed to increased pain during labor and advocated for methods to reduce fear and promote relaxation during childbirth. Choice B is incorrect as the focus is on fear, not on techniques to lessen pain. Choice C is incorrect as the experts did not advocate against medical intervention but rather against unnecessary fear. Choice D is incorrect as the experts aimed to change attitudes towards childbirth, not redirect focus to child rearing.

2. Developmental social neuroscience __________. Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 17 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e

• A. involves the design of flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to complete tasks
• B. emphasizes that preschoolers’ thinking is full of faulty logic because they engage in hands-on exploration
• C. is devoted to studying the relationship between changes in the brain and emotional and social development
• D. involves the study of brain activity and the individual’s linear and logical cognitive processing patterns Answer: C Page Ref: 20 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Recent Theoretical Perspectives Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Developmental social neuroscience is dedicated to examining the connection between changes in the brain and emotional and social development. This field of study focuses on how the brain's development influences an individual's social and emotional behavior. By studying brain activity alongside emotional and social development, researchers can gain insights into how these aspects are interrelated and how they impact one another.

3. According to research on family chaos, mothers who __________ experience greater psychological stress.

• A. make family meals
• B. frequently multitask
• C. work outside the home
• D. cosleep with their infants

Correct answer: B

Rationale: According to research on family chaos, mothers who frequently multitask experience greater psychological stress. Multitasking can lead to increased stress levels as individuals juggle multiple responsibilities and tasks simultaneously, leading to a sense of being overwhelmed and unable to focus effectively. This can contribute to higher levels of psychological stress for mothers in particular, impacting their overall well-being. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the research specifically links frequent multitasking, not making family meals, working outside the home, or cosleeping with infants, to greater psychological stress among mothers.

4. Dr. Bigelow is interested in studying musical prodigies. Which method is best suited for this type of research?

• A. naturalistic observation
• B. clinical interview
• C. case study
• D. structured interview

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A case study would be the best method for Dr. Bigelow to study musical prodigies. In a case study, the researcher can closely examine and analyze the unique characteristics, abilities, and behaviors of individual subjects. This method allows for in-depth exploration of a specific phenomenon, making it ideal for investigating exceptional cases such as musical prodigies. Naturalistic observation involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interference, which may not provide the detailed insights needed for studying musical prodigies. Clinical interviews focus on gathering information through structured questioning, not ideal for studying unique talents. Structured interviews involve asking a set of predetermined questions, which may not allow for the depth of exploration required for studying musical prodigies.

5. What is largely responsible for the worldwide rise in cesarean deliveries?

• A. Use of natural or prepared childbirth
• B. Use of a doula
• C. Medical control over childbirth
• D. Apgar testing

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Medical control over childbirth is largely responsible for the worldwide rise in cesarean deliveries. Cesarean deliveries are often performed due to various medical interventions such as monitoring the progress of labor, fetal distress, and other complications that may arise during childbirth. The increasing use of medical interventions and technology has contributed to the higher rate of cesarean deliveries globally. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not directly involve the decision-making and interventions typically carried out by medical professionals during childbirth, which are major factors leading to the rise in cesarean deliveries.

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