Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following proteins is iron a component of, responsible for the transport of oxygen in the bloodstream?

• A. hemoglobin
• B. transferrin
• C. myoglobin
• D. hepcidin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Iron is a crucial component of hemoglobin, binding to oxygen and allowing for its transport. Choice B, transferrin, is involved in iron transport in the blood but not in oxygen transport. Choice C, myoglobin, is a protein found in muscle cells that stores oxygen for muscle use, not transportation in the bloodstream. Choice D, hepcidin, is a peptide hormone that regulates iron absorption in the intestines and iron distribution in the body, but it is not directly involved in oxygen transport.

2. During the later stages of chronic kidney disease, what is the recommended protein intake in grams per kilogram of body weight per day?

• A. 0.6 to 0.75
• B. 1.2 to 1.55
• C. 1.0 to 1.2
• D. 0.8 to 1.0

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the later stages of chronic kidney disease, the recommended protein intake is typically restricted to 0.6 to 0.75 grams per kilogram of body weight per day. This lower protein intake helps reduce the workload on the kidneys, as excessive protein can be challenging for the kidneys to process. Choice B (1.2 to 1.55) is incorrect as it suggests a higher protein intake, which is not recommended for individuals with advanced kidney disease. Choices C (1.0 to 1.2) and D (0.8 to 1.0) also advocate for protein intakes higher than what is typically advised for individuals in later stages of chronic kidney disease.

3. A patient is admitted to the emergency room and is found to have proteinuria, a low serum albumin level, edema, and elevated blood lipids. Which condition do these symptoms typically associate with?

• A. Nephrotic syndrome
• B. Acute kidney injury
• C. Rejection of a kidney transplant
• D. Renal colic

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria (excess protein in urine), hypoalbuminemia (low serum albumin), edema (swelling due to fluid buildup), and hyperlipidemia (elevated blood lipids). These symptoms occur as a result of damage to the kidneys' filtering units. Acute kidney injury, rejection of a kidney transplant, and renal colic do not present with the same combination of symptoms as nephrotic syndrome. Acute kidney injury typically presents with a sudden decrease in kidney function, resulting in a build-up of waste products in the blood. Rejection of a kidney transplant may present with fever, pain at the transplant site, and changes in urine output. Renal colic usually presents with intense pain in the lower back or side, related to kidney stones.

4. A healthcare provider is providing teaching about nutrition to a group of clients. The healthcare provider should include that which of the following foods contains the highest level of thiamine per serving?

• A. 1 hard-boiled egg
• B. 1 cup dried pears
• C. 1 cup whole grain wheat flour
• D. 1 cup Brussels sprouts

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Whole grain wheat flour contains the highest level of thiamine per serving compared to the other options provided. Thiamine, also known as Vitamin B1, is essential for energy metabolism. While eggs, dried pears, and Brussels sprouts are nutritious foods, they do not contain as high a level of thiamine as whole grain wheat flour. Therefore, the correct choice is whole grain wheat flour in this case.

5. Which physiologic effect should the nurse expect in a client addicted to hallucinogens?

• A. Dilated pupils
• B. Constricted pupils
• C. Bradycardia
• D. Bradypnea

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Clients addicted to hallucinogens often exhibit constricted pupils due to the effects of the drug on the sympathetic nervous system. This sympathetic stimulation causes the pupils to constrict rather than dilate. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Dilated pupils are more commonly associated with stimulant use, while bradycardia (slow heart rate) and bradypnea (slow breathing) are not typical effects of hallucinogens.

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