Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following proteins is iron a component of, responsible for the transport of oxygen in the bloodstream?

• A. hemoglobin
• B. transferrin
• C. myoglobin
• D. hepcidin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Iron is a crucial component of hemoglobin, binding to oxygen and allowing for its transport. Choice B, transferrin, is involved in iron transport in the blood but not in oxygen transport. Choice C, myoglobin, is a protein found in muscle cells that stores oxygen for muscle use, not transportation in the bloodstream. Choice D, hepcidin, is a peptide hormone that regulates iron absorption in the intestines and iron distribution in the body, but it is not directly involved in oxygen transport.

2. Poor nutrition results in delayed eruption and exfoliation of deciduous teeth and increased dental caries. Increased caries susceptibility in at-risk children may be related to changes in salivary composition caused by malnutrition.

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are true. Poor nutrition can affect tooth development and increase the risk of dental caries in children.

3. What is the term for a barrier that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum?

• A. Dumping syndrome
• B. Gastritis
• C. Gastric outlet obstruction
• D. Hypochlorhydria

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Gastric outlet obstruction refers to a condition where the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is blocked, preventing the normal passage of food. This is why choice 'C' is correct. 'A: Dumping syndrome' is incorrect because it is a condition where stomach contents move too quickly through the small intestine, not a barrier preventing emptying. 'B: Gastritis' is inflammation of the stomach lining, not a blockage of the outlet. 'D: Hypochlorhydria' refers to low stomach acid, which may affect digestion but does not create a physical barrier blocking the outlet of the stomach.

4. In taking the client’s blood pressure, the nurse should position the client’s arm:

• A. At the level of the heart
• B. Slightly above the level of the heart
• C. At the 5th intercostals space midclavicular line
• D. Below the level of the heart

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Proper patient positioning is essential for maximizing lung expansion and promoting the drainage of secretions. Postural drainage techniques rely on gravity to help clear different lung segments, which is critical in preventing complications such as atelectasis or pneumonia in immobilized patients.

5. Which cells in the islet of the pancreas are responsible for synthesizing insulin?

• A. Alpha cells
• B. Beta cells
• C. Gamma cells
• D. Delta cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas are responsible for the production and secretion of insulin, which is crucial for regulating blood glucose levels. Alpha cells, on the other hand, produce glucagon, a hormone that raises blood glucose levels. Gamma cells and Delta cells do not exist in the islets of Langerhans; therefore, they are incorrect choices.

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