ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Practice A
1. What is the term for intestinal wounds associated with Crohn's disease that develop in different areas in the intestine, with normal tissue separating affected regions?
- A. Skip lesions
- B. Fistulas
- C. Fissures
- D. Loop ulcerations
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Skip lesions are typical characteristics of Crohn's disease, where patches of diseased intestine are interspersed with areas of healthy tissue. This is why option A is the correct answer. Option B, fistulas, are abnormal connections between two body parts, which is not what the question is describing. Option C, fissures, are small tears in the lining of the anus, which also do not fit the description in the question. Option D, loop ulcerations, is not a recognized medical term, making it an incorrect choice.
2. Why is atherosclerosis dangerous to arterial function?
- A. It diminishes central circulation
- B. It causes decreased blood pressure on artery walls
- C. It narrows the arterial lumen so a clot can easily block it
- D. It increases arterial elasticity
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is dangerous to arterial function because it narrows the arterial lumen, increasing the risk of a clot completely blocking the blood flow. This can lead to severe cardiovascular events such as heart attacks or strokes. Choice A is incorrect since atherosclerosis does not primarily diminish central circulation, but rather, it impedes local blood flow where the plaque is present. Choice B is also incorrect as atherosclerosis increases the pressure on artery walls due to the narrowed space for blood flow, not decrease it. Lastly, choice D is incorrect as atherosclerosis causes the arteries to lose their elasticity, not increase it.
3. Which food is a reliable source of B12 for a pregnant vegan client?
- A. Soybeans
- B. Algae
- C. Fortified soy milk
- D. Sea vegetables
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Fortified soy milk is a reliable source of vitamin B12 for pregnant vegan clients as it is usually enriched with this vitamin. The other options, while nutritious, are not reliable sources of B12 for vegans. Soybeans may not provide enough B12, algae contains B12 analogs that the human body cannot utilize, and the B12 content in sea vegetables can fluctuate, potentially not providing the necessary daily intake.
4. What is the initial major sign of acute renal failure?
- A. Oliguria
- B. Hematuria
- C. Proteinuria
- D. Glycosuria
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Oliguria, or reduced urine output, is often the initial major sign of acute renal failure. This reduction in urine output indicates that the kidneys are not functioning properly. Hematuria (blood in urine), proteinuria (presence of protein in urine), and glycosuria (presence of glucose in urine) are not typically the initial major signs of acute renal failure. While they may be present in certain conditions, oliguria is the most common and critical indicator of acute renal failure.
5. A nurse is providing MyPlate education to a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which plate chosen by the client indicates the teaching was effective, according to the MyPlate guidelines?
- A. 1/2 of the plate is filled with carbohydrate foods, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with fruits and vegetables
- B. 1/2 of the plate is filled with protein foods, 1/4 filled with carbohydrates, and 1/4 filled with non-starchy vegetables
- C. 1/2 of the plate is filled with carbohydrates, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with non-starchy vegetables
- D. 1/2 of the plate is filled with non-starchy vegetables, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with carbohydrate foods
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. This option reflects the MyPlate guidelines for managing diabetes effectively. In diabetes management, it is essential to focus on non-starchy vegetables, appropriate protein portions, and controlled carbohydrate intake. Option A places too much emphasis on carbohydrates, which may not be suitable for diabetes. Option B swaps the proportions of protein and carbohydrates, which is not in line with the recommended distribution. Option C places too much emphasis on carbohydrates and lacks the emphasis on non-starchy vegetables, making it less suitable for diabetes management.
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