Nursing Elites

1. What is the most important concern immediately after a myocardial infarction?

• A. Reducing cholesterol intake
• B. Allowing cardiac rest for healing
• C. Reducing saturated fat intake
• D. Eating several small meals each day

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Immediately after a myocardial infarction, the primary concern is to allow the heart to rest and heal to prevent further damage. This is why choice B is the correct answer. While choices A, C, and D might be a part of the long-term management plan following a myocardial infarction, they are not the immediate priority. Reducing cholesterol and saturated fat intake, as well as adjusting eating habits can help prevent future heart issues, but do not directly contribute to the immediate recovery post-myocardial infarction.

2. When carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet to lose weight, which nutrients are most likely to become insufficient?

• A. Iron, fiber, and protein
• B. Iron, fiber, and vitamin K
• C. Vitamin A and vitamin C
• D. Iron, fiber, and B vitamins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Iron, fiber, and B vitamins are most likely to become insufficient when carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet to lose weight. Carbohydrates are a primary source of B vitamins and fiber in the diet. Iron can also be obtained from plant-based sources like legumes and whole grains, which are often eliminated when carbohydrates are restricted. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because protein, vitamin K, vitamin A, and vitamin C are not primarily sourced from carbohydrates and are less likely to become insufficient solely due to carbohydrate elimination.

3. Which food is a high source of prebiotics?

• A. Chicken
• B. Garlic
• C. White rice
• D. Cheese

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Garlic is the correct answer. It is high in prebiotics, which are non-digestible fibers that promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Chicken, white rice, and cheese are not significant sources of prebiotics. Chicken is a good source of protein, white rice is a carbohydrate, and cheese is a dairy product, none of which are high in prebiotics.

4. In a patient with liver cirrhosis, weight gain due to fluid retention can mask the symptoms of what condition?

• A. Liver failure
• B. Gallbladder disease
• C. Heart failure
• D. Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In a patient with liver cirrhosis, weight gain due to fluid retention can mask Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) symptoms. This can lead to an increase in weight, making it challenging to identify weight loss or muscle wasting associated with PEM. Therefore, option D is correct. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because fluid retention and weight gain related to liver cirrhosis do not necessarily hide the symptoms of liver failure, gallbladder disease, or heart failure.

5. A nurse is educating a group of older adults in a community center on weight management using the BMI scale. Using the client's height and weight to calculate BMI, which of the following clients has a healthy BMI?

• A. A client with a weight of 128 lb and height of 70 inches
• B. A client with a weight of 150 lb and height of 68 inches
• C. A client with a weight of 200 lb and height of 72 inches
• D. A client with a weight of 133 lb and height of 60 inches

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To determine a healthy BMI, we need to calculate it using the formula: BMI = weight (lbs) / height^2 (inches) x 703. For choice A, BMI = 128 / (70 x 70) x 703 = 18.38, which falls within the healthy BMI range of 18.5-24.9. Therefore, choice A is correct. Choices B, C, and D have BMIs of 22.8, 27.1, and 26.1, respectively, which are outside the healthy range. Thus, choices B, C, and D are incorrect.

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