how does the diathesis stress model explain the onset of mental disorders

ATI RN

Psychology 101 Final Exam

1. How does the diathesis-stress model explain the onset of mental disorders?

A. Stress alone is sufficient to cause mental disorders.
B. Both genetic vulnerability and environmental stress are needed to trigger a disorder.
C. Only genetic factors cause mental disorders.
D. Environmental stressors alone can cause mental disorders.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The diathesis-stress model explains that the onset of mental disorders results from the interaction of genetic vulnerability (diathesis) and environmental stress. Choice A is incorrect because stress alone is not sufficient, according to the model. Choice C is incorrect as it oversimplifies by attributing mental disorders solely to genetic factors. Choice D is incorrect because the model emphasizes the joint contribution of genetic predisposition and environmental stress.

2. Which parental style is characterized by warmth, control, and communication?

A. Authoritarian
B. Permissive/indulgent
C. Authoritative
D. Neglectful/uninvolved

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Authoritative. The authoritative parenting style is characterized by a balance of warmth, control, and communication. This style promotes a nurturing environment where parents set clear rules and boundaries while also being responsive to their child's needs. Choice A, Authoritarian, is characterized by strict rules and high control with less warmth and communication. Choice B, Permissive/indulgent, involves high warmth but low control, where rules are not clearly established. Choice D, Neglectful/uninvolved, lacks both warmth and control, with little to no communication or involvement in the child's life.

3. In a breech presentation, how is the infant positioned for delivery?

A. Is too large to be delivered vaginally.
B. Is delivered feet or bottom first.
C. Is delivered head first.
D. Appears face down.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a breech presentation, the infant is positioned to be delivered feet or bottom first. This is because the baby's pelvis or feet enter the birth canal before the head. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because a breech presentation specifically refers to the baby being positioned feet or bottom first, not head first, face down, or being too large for vaginal delivery.

4. What is extinction and how might it be used in treating a disorder?

A. Extinction strengthens the conditioned response by continuously pairing the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus.
B. Extinction is the process of eliminating a conditioned response by repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus.
C. Extinction is ineffective and is not used in treating disorders.
D. Extinction is the process of intensifying the conditioned response by pairing the conditioned stimulus with a stronger unconditioned stimulus.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Extinction is the process of eliminating a conditioned response by repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus. This helps in reducing or eliminating undesired behaviors. Choice A is incorrect because extinction does not strengthen the conditioned response but weakens it. Choice C is also incorrect as extinction is a valid technique used in treating disorders by reducing unwanted behaviors. Choice D is incorrect as extinction does not involve intensifying the conditioned response but rather diminishing it.

5. The ______________ perspective in psychology takes into account biological, sociological, and psychological factors associated with a person's behaviors.

A. Behavioral
B. Cognitive-behavioral
C. Psychodynamic
D. Biopsychosocial

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The biopsychosocial perspective is the correct answer as it considers biological, sociological, and psychological factors associated with a person's behaviors. This perspective emphasizes the interconnection between these factors in understanding human behavior. Choice A, Behavioral perspective, focuses primarily on observable behaviors and how they are influenced by the environment. Choice B, Cognitive-behavioral perspective, combines elements of cognitive and behavioral theories to understand behavior but does not encompass sociological factors. Choice C, Psychodynamic perspective, emphasizes unconscious processes and early childhood experiences as determinants of behavior, neglecting the sociological aspect.