how do socioeconomic factors affect mental health

ATI RN

Psychology 101 Final Exam

1. How do socioeconomic factors affect mental health?

A. Socioeconomic factors do not affect mental health.
B. Socioeconomic factors are one of the primary determinants of mental health.
C. Socioeconomic factors only affect mental health in extreme cases.
D. Socioeconomic factors have no clear impact on mental health.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Socioeconomic factors like income and education levels are key determinants of mental health. They influence access to resources such as healthcare, housing, and social support systems, which can impact an individual's mental well-being. Additionally, socioeconomic factors can contribute to stress levels and overall quality of life, which in turn affect mental health. Choice A is incorrect because socioeconomic factors do play a significant role in mental health outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as socioeconomic factors have a broad impact on mental health beyond extreme cases. Choice D is also incorrect as numerous studies have shown the clear impact of socioeconomic factors on mental health.

2. Normal human cells have ________

A. twenty-two chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes.
B. twenty-one trisomy chromosome pairs, one autosomal pair, and one pair of sex chromosomes.
C. twenty-one chromosome pairs and two trisomy chromosome pairs.
D. twenty-three chromosome pairs.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Normal human cells have twenty-two chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes. This is the correct answer as it accurately describes the typical chromosome count in human cells. Choice B is incorrect because it mentions 'twenty-one trisomy chromosome pairs,' which is not characteristic of normal cells. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests having 'two trisomy chromosome pairs,' which is abnormal. Choice D is incorrect as it states 'twenty-three chromosome pairs,' which is not the standard count in normal human cells.

3. One key issue in the study of human development is the continuity-discontinuity issue. The discontinuity side posits that development is characterized by change in type or kind. These are known as ____.

A. Qualitative change
B. Quantitative change
C. Maturation
D. Multidirectional development

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Qualitative change. Qualitative change aligns with the discontinuity view by involving changes in type or kind. This contrasts with quantitative change (B), which is about changes in amount or quantity. Maturation (C) refers to the process of becoming fully developed in a particular way, and multidirectional development (D) emphasizes that development involves both gains and losses, not specifically focusing on changes in type or kind.

4. Etiology refers to ________

A. a condition that tends to maintain maladaptive behavior.
B. the causal pattern of a disorder.
C. a predisposition toward developing a disorder.
D. a condition that makes it less likely a person will experience the negative consequences of stress.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Etiology refers to the causal pattern of a disorder, explaining the factors contributing to the development of a specific condition. Choice A is incorrect as it describes a condition that maintains maladaptive behavior, which is not the definition of etiology. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to a predisposition, which is more related to risk factors rather than the cause itself. Choice D is incorrect as it discusses a condition that reduces the negative consequences of stress, which is not directly related to the cause of a disorder.

5. Professor Immel believes that behaviors that are predominant in certain species probably serve some adaptive function. Professor Immel's beliefs are most consistent with which perspective?

A. Behavioral perspective.
B. Cognitive perspective.
C. Humanistic perspective.
D. Evolutionary perspective.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Professor Immel's belief that behaviors in certain species serve an adaptive function aligns with the evolutionary perspective. The evolutionary perspective posits that behaviors have developed over time because they provide an advantage for survival and reproduction. This perspective emphasizes the role of natural selection in shaping behaviors based on their adaptive value. Choices A, B, and C do not specifically address the idea that behaviors have evolved to serve specific functions for survival, making them inconsistent with Professor Immel's beliefs.