Nursing Elites

1. Emotions, such as pride, shame, and guilt, that depend on both self-awareness and knowledge of socially accepted standards of behavior are known as what?

• A. Self-awareness emotions
• B. Self-evaluative emotions
• C. Self-conscious emotions
• D. Egocentric emotions

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Self-conscious emotions. Self-conscious emotions like pride, shame, and guilt require not only self-awareness but also an understanding of socially accepted behaviors. These emotions involve evaluating oneself in relation to societal norms. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately capture the idea of emotions that rely on both self-awareness and knowledge of socially accepted standards of behavior.

2. Which term describes the conditions that guarantee the occurrence of a disorder?

• A. Necessary causes
• B. Contributory causes
• C. Sufficient causes
• D. Protective factors

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Sufficient causes.' Sufficient causes are conditions that alone are enough to guarantee the occurrence of a disorder. Necessary causes refer to factors that must be present for the disorder to occur but are not enough on their own. Contributory causes increase the likelihood of a disorder but are not enough to cause it by themselves. Protective factors are conditions that reduce the likelihood of a disorder occurring.

3. Which of the following best describes a securely attached child in Japanese culture?

• A. A child who is dependent, emotionally restrained, and can express his feelings only in an indirect manner.
• B. A child who is independent, emotionally expressive, and can communicate well.
• C. A child who is dependent, emotionally labile, and can express his feelings only in an aggressive manner.
• D. A child who is independent, emotionally restrained, and can communicate well.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In Japanese culture, a securely attached child is described as dependent and emotionally restrained. This means that the child relies on their caregiver for support and is able to control their emotions, expressing their feelings in a more subtle and indirect manner. Choice B is incorrect as it describes independence, which is not characteristic of a securely attached child in Japanese culture. Choice C is also incorrect as it describes emotional lability and expressing feelings aggressively, which are not typical of securely attached children. Choice D is incorrect as it combines independence with emotional restraint, which does not align with the characteristics of a securely attached child in Japanese culture.

4. Which of the following is not a common method for studying genetic influences?

• A. The study of specific gene defects
• B. Twin studies
• C. Adoption studies
• D. Family history (pedigree) studies

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Studying specific gene defects is not a common method for investigating genetic influences. Choices B, C, and D are common methods used in genetic research. Twin studies help determine the heritability of traits, adoption studies compare similarities between adopted individuals and their adoptive families versus biological families, and family history studies track the inheritance patterns of traits within families.

5. In an experiment, the investigators manipulate variables to learn how one affects another.?

• A. A data-collection method in which participants respond to questions
• B. The entire group that is of interest to a researcher
• C. A detailed description of a single culture or context
• D. A study that tests a causal hypothesis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because in an experimental design, investigators manipulate variables to determine the effect of one on another. This process allows researchers to test causal hypotheses by manipulating one variable while keeping others constant. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly relate to manipulating variables in an experiment.

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