Nursing Elites

1. How can a healthcare professional help prevent pressure ulcers in an immobile patient?

• A. Ensuring proper nutrition and hydration
• B. Using moisture barriers to protect the skin
• C. Turning the patient every 2 hours to prevent pressure
• D. Providing special mattresses or padding

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Ensuring proper nutrition and hydration is crucial in preventing pressure ulcers in immobile patients. Adequate nutrition supports tissue health and repair, while hydration helps maintain skin elasticity. While turning the patient every 2 hours is important to prevent pressure injuries, it is not the primary way to address prevention. Using moisture barriers and providing special mattresses or padding are essential components of pressure ulcer prevention, but they are not as fundamental as ensuring proper nutrition and hydration.

2. A healthcare professional is preparing to admit a client to the PACU who received a competitive neuromuscular blocking agent. Which of the following items should the healthcare professional place at the client's bedside?

• A. Defibrillator machine
• B. Chest tube equipment
• C. Central venous catheter tray
• D. Bag-valve-mask device

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: A bag-valve-mask device is necessary in case of respiratory complications that may arise due to the effects of the neuromuscular blocking agent. The competitive nature of the agent can lead to muscle weakness, including respiratory muscles, necessitating immediate respiratory support. Placing a defibrillator machine, chest tube equipment, or central venous catheter tray at the client's bedside would not be the priority in this situation. While these items may be important in specific scenarios, ensuring the availability of a bag-valve-mask device is crucial to address potential airway and breathing issues promptly.

3. A client is administering insulin. Which statement by the client shows proper understanding of insulin administration?

• A. I will inject insulin into my thigh before exercise
• B. I will skip meals to lower blood sugar
• C. I will store my insulin in the freezer
• D. I will rotate injection sites for insulin administration

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because rotating injection sites prevents tissue damage and ensures better absorption of insulin. Option A is incorrect as injecting insulin into the thigh before exercise can lead to hypoglycemia. Option B is incorrect as skipping meals can cause blood sugar levels to drop dangerously low. Option C is incorrect as insulin should not be stored in the freezer as it can alter its effectiveness.

4. A client with diabetes mellitus is prescribed prednisone for a rash. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

• A. I might have trouble falling asleep while taking prednisone
• B. I might feel emotional when I am on this medicine
• C. I might need to increase my regular insulin during this time
• D. I will gradually stop the prednisone when my rash goes away

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Prednisone should never be stopped abruptly; it must be tapered down. Stopping it suddenly can lead to adrenal insufficiency. Choices A, B, and C are all potential side effects or considerations when taking prednisone and do not indicate a need for further teaching.

5. How can dehydration be assessed in an elderly patient?

• A. Checking skin turgor on the forearm
• B. Assessing for dry mucous membranes
• C. Checking for orthostatic hypotension
• D. Measuring daily weights

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Assessing skin turgor by gently pinching the skin on the forearm is a reliable method to check for dehydration in elderly patients. When the skin is slow to return to its original position, it indicates dehydration. While assessing for dry mucous membranes is also important, checking skin turgor is a more direct method for dehydration assessment. Checking for orthostatic hypotension is more related to circulation status than dehydration. Measuring daily weights is helpful to monitor fluid balance but may not be as immediate or direct in detecting dehydration in elderly patients.

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