health practitioners evaluate disease progression in hiv infected patients by measuring the concentrations of helper t cells and circulating virus cal

ATI RN

ATI RN Nutrition Online Practice 2019

1. Health practitioners evaluate disease progression in HIV-infected patients by measuring the concentrations of helper T cells and circulating virus, called _____.

A. cross resistance
B. the immune response
C. acquired resistance
D. the viral load

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The viral load is the measure of the amount of circulating virus in the blood and is used to evaluate the progression of HIV infection.

2. To follow a healthy diet, a person should be sure that:

A. 20-35% of the total carbs eaten should be made up of fiber
B. 45-65% of the total carbs eaten should be made up of fiber
C. 45-65% of the total fiber eaten should be made up of soluble fiber
D. 45-65% of the total calories eaten should be made up of carbs

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) suggests that 45-65% of total daily calories should come from carbohydrates.

3. A client reports having difficulty losing weight. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

A. Eat small portions of high-calorie foods first.
B. Set a goal, and you will be able to attain it.
C. It is helpful to self-monitor your eating.
D. Taste food while cooking to help curb your appetite.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'It is helpful to self-monitor your eating.' Self-monitoring dietary intake is an evidence-based strategy that enhances awareness and accountability, making it an effective approach for weight management. Choice A is incorrect as focusing on high-calorie foods first may not be the most effective strategy for weight loss. Choice B is too general and lacks actionable advice. Choice D, tasting food while cooking, does not directly address the client's difficulty in losing weight and is not a proven method for weight management.

4. During the Emergent phase of a burn, the most fatal electrolyte imbalance in a burned client is:

A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyponatremia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During the Emergent phase of burns, the most fatal electrolyte imbalance is Hypokalemia. This is due to the shift of potassium from the intracellular space to the extracellular space, leading to low potassium levels in the blood. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Hyperkalemia, Hypernatremia, and Hyponatremia are not typically associated with the Emergent phase of burns and do not pose the same level of risk as Hypokalemia in this context.

5. The most energy-rich nutrient is:

A. carb
B. fat
C. protein
D. water

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, making it the most energy-rich nutrient compared to carbohydrates and proteins, which provide 4 kcal per gram.