Nursing Elites

1. Fraternal twins are ____________.

• A. genetically identical
• B. no more alike than ordinary siblings
• C. less common than other types of multiple offspring
• D. less likely with each additional birth

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Fraternal twins are no more alike than ordinary siblings because they share about 50% of their genes, just like other siblings. Choice A is incorrect as fraternal twins are not genetically identical. Choice C is incorrect as fraternal twins are actually the most common type of multiple offspring. Choice D is incorrect as the likelihood of fraternal twins is not affected by the number of births a mother has had.

2. Depression __________.

• A. declines with age
• B. responds to treatment that is completely covered by Medicare
• C. is rarely related to physical illness or pain
• D. can lead to cognitive deterioration

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'can lead to cognitive deterioration.' Depression, particularly in older adults, can significantly impair cognitive function, leading to further mental health challenges. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Depression does not necessarily decline with age, treatment coverage may vary, and depression can indeed be related to physical illness or pain.

3. When Mateo was born prematurely to Yvonne, a cocaine addict, what can his caregivers expect?

• A. He will be very attentive to the environment
• B. His cries will be abnormally shrill and piercing
• C. He will overcome the harmful effects of drug exposure by age 3
• D. His motor development will be especially rapid during the first year

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mateo, being born prematurely to a cocaine-addicted mother, is at risk for several health issues. One common effect of prenatal drug exposure is a higher likelihood of sensory and regulatory problems, such as having abnormally shrill and piercing cries. This is a potential outcome that Mateo's caregivers can expect due to his circumstances. Choice A is incorrect as there is no direct correlation between being born prematurely to a cocaine-addicted mother and being very attentive to the environment. Choice C is incorrect as overcoming harmful effects of drug exposure by age 3 is overly optimistic and may not be the case for all children exposed to drugs prenatally. Choice D is incorrect as rapid motor development is not typically associated with prenatal drug exposure.

4. During Irina's first week of pregnancy, __________.

• A. heart muscles begin to develop
• B. the zygote multiplies and forms a blastocyst
• C. a primitive brain and spinal cord appear
• D. the embryo can move

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During the first week of pregnancy, the zygote (fertilized egg) undergoes rapid cell divisions and forms a blastocyst. This is a crucial stage where the cells differentiate and specialize, setting the foundation for the development of the embryo. It is during this time that the zygote implants itself into the uterine wall, initiating the process of pregnancy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because during the first week of pregnancy, the focus is on the initial development and multiplication of the zygote, not on the development of heart muscles, a primitive brain and spinal cord, or the embryo's ability to move.

5. __________ love is strong at the beginning of a relationship.

• A. Compassionate
• B. Affectionate
• C. Passionate
• D. Companionate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Passionate love is characterized by intense emotions and physical attraction, which are common in the early stages of relationships. Compassionate love involves deep affection, but it develops over time based on mutual respect, trust, and intimacy. Affectionate love is warm and tender, but it may not necessarily have the intense emotions associated with passionate love. Companionate love is based on friendship, respect, and affection, but it may lack the intense emotions and physical attraction that characterize passionate love.

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