each is true of calcium within saliva except one which is the exception

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam

1. Each statement is true of calcium within saliva, except one. Which is the exception?

A. Saliva is supersaturated with calcium.
B. Saliva is a source of calcium to mineralize an immature or demineralized enamel surface.
C. Calcium and phosphate in saliva provide a buffering action.
D. Calcium within saliva increases dental caries.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Calcium within saliva does not increase dental caries; in fact, the buffering action provided by calcium and phosphate in saliva inhibits caries formation by preventing the dissolution of enamel by plaque biofilm. Choice A is correct as saliva is indeed supersaturated with calcium. Choice B is correct as saliva serves as a source of calcium to mineralize an immature or demineralized enamel surface. Choice C is correct as calcium and phosphate in saliva do provide a buffering action to protect teeth from acids.

2. A nurse is teaching a group of clients who are at risk for heart disease about decreasing saturated fats in their diet. Which of the following fats should the nurse recommend the clients use when cooking?

A. Palm oil
B. Peanut oil
C. Canola oil
D. Stick margarine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Canola oil is lower in saturated fats compared to palm oil, peanut oil, and stick margarine, making it a healthier option for clients at risk for heart disease. Palm oil is high in saturated fats, peanut oil has a moderate amount of saturated fats, and stick margarine is also high in saturated fats and trans fats, which are not heart-healthy choices.

3. The term associated with loss of taste is:

A. Xerostomia
B. Hypogeusia
C. Dysphagia
D. Anosmia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Hypogeusia.' Hypogeusia refers to a diminished sense of taste, which can impact nutritional intake, especially in older adults. Xerostomia (choice A) is dry mouth, Dysphagia (choice C) is difficulty swallowing, and Anosmia (choice D) is the loss of the sense of smell. These conditions are different from loss of taste, making them incorrect choices for this question.

4. Each statement regarding the correlation between vitamin D and sun exposure is accurate, except one. Which is the exception?

A. The body can produce sufficient amounts of vitamin D from sunlight.
B. UV radiation can convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3 by penetrating uncovered skin.
C. Sunscreen blocks the formation of vitamin D3.
D. By the age of 70 years, the skin generally produces vitamin D at only half the level it did at the age of 20 years.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: While UV radiation can penetrate uncovered skin and convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3, sunscreen does block the formation of vitamin D3. Sunscreen is recommended by dermatologists to prevent sunburn and reduce the risk of skin cancer. The other choices are correct: the body can produce sufficient vitamin D from sunlight, UV radiation can convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3, and skin generally produces less vitamin D as a person ages.