Nursing Elites

1. Each statement is true of calcium within saliva, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Saliva is supersaturated with calcium.
• B. Saliva is a source of calcium to mineralize an immature or demineralized enamel surface.
• C. Calcium and phosphate in saliva provide a buffering action.
• D. Calcium within saliva increases dental caries.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Calcium within saliva does not increase dental caries; in fact, the buffering action provided by calcium and phosphate in saliva inhibits caries formation by preventing the dissolution of enamel by plaque biofilm. Choice A is correct as saliva is indeed supersaturated with calcium. Choice B is correct as saliva serves as a source of calcium to mineralize an immature or demineralized enamel surface. Choice C is correct as calcium and phosphate in saliva do provide a buffering action to protect teeth from acids.

2. Which test is used to monitor the degree of blood glucose control over a long period?

• A. Glucose tolerance test
• B. Glycated hemoglobin level
• C. Self-monitoring of blood glucose
• D. 24-hour urinary glucose excretion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, glycated hemoglobin level. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months, providing a long-term picture of glucose control. Choice A, the glucose tolerance test, measures how well your body processes glucose but is not specifically for long-term monitoring. Choice C, self-monitoring of blood glucose, involves daily testing by individuals, providing immediate rather than long-term information. Choice D, 24-hour urinary glucose excretion, measures the amount of glucose excreted in the urine over 24 hours and is not typically used for long-term monitoring of blood glucose control.

3. The working phase in a therapy group is usually characterized by which of the following?

• A. Caution
• B. Cohesiveness
• C. Confusion
• D. Competition

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

4. What is the name of the record that shows all medications and treatments provided on a repeated basis?

• A. Nursing Health History and Assessment Worksheet
• B. Discharge Summary
• C. Nursing Kardex
• D. Medicine and Treatment Record

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The 'Medicine and Treatment Record' is the document that maintains a comprehensive log of all medications and treatments provided on a routine basis. It does not refer to the 'Discharge Summary', which is a clinical report prepared by healthcare professionals at the end of a hospital stay or series of treatments. The 'Nursing Health History and Assessment Worksheet' is used to gather comprehensive data about the patient's health history and current health status, but it does not record ongoing treatment details. The 'Nursing Kardex' is a patient care information system used to quickly communicate patient needs, but it does not consistently record all medications and treatments provided.

5. Which type of bath would you recommend for a patient experiencing pruritus?

• A. Saline
• B. Colloidal (oatmeal)
• C. Water
• D. Sodium bicarbonate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The best choice for a pruritus (itching) patient is a colloidal (oatmeal) bath, as it is known for its soothing effect on itchy, irritated skin. Saline, water, and sodium bicarbonate baths may not provide the same level of relief for pruritus. The nursing care should involve comprehensive assessments and appropriate interventions to optimize patient outcomes. In this case, a colloidal bath is the most suitable intervention for a patient experiencing pruritus.

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