Nursing Elites

1. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are collectively referred to as _____.

• A. Coronary artery disease
• B. Cardiovascular disease
• C. Coronary heart disease
• D. Coronary vessel disease

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct term for diseases of the heart and blood vessels is cardiovascular disease. While coronary artery disease (Choice A) specifically involves the narrowing of coronary arteries, it is just one type of cardiovascular disease. Coronary heart disease (Choice C) is also a specific condition related to the heart's blood vessels. Choice D, coronary vessel disease, is not a commonly used term to describe diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Therefore, Choice B, cardiovascular disease, is the most inclusive and appropriate term to refer to these conditions.

2. Which of the following suggestions is the healthiest for Miguel, who is always hungry and never seems to feel full despite eating enough calories?

• A. Switch out energy-dense foods with more nutrient-dense foods that are more likely to make him feel full
• B. Drink adequate amounts of water
• C. A, B
• D. Eat foods with more fat, as fat slows gastric emptying and will make him feel more full

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is A and B. Switching to more nutrient-dense foods can help Miguel feel full despite eating enough calories. Nutrient-dense foods provide essential nutrients and are more satisfying. Drinking adequate water is also crucial for overall health and can help with feelings of fullness. Choice D is incorrect because while fat can contribute to satiety, it should be consumed in balance with other nutrients. Consuming foods with high fat content excessively may lead to other health issues and does not address the underlying problem of feeling constantly hungry despite eating.

3. Each statement regarding the correlation between vitamin D and sun exposure is accurate, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. The body can produce sufficient amounts of vitamin D from sunlight.
• B. UV radiation can convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3 by penetrating uncovered skin.
• C. Sunscreen blocks the formation of vitamin D3.
• D. By the age of 70 years, the skin generally produces vitamin D at only half the level it did at the age of 20 years.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: While UV radiation can penetrate uncovered skin and convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3, sunscreen does block the formation of vitamin D3. Sunscreen is recommended by dermatologists to prevent sunburn and reduce the risk of skin cancer. The other choices are correct: the body can produce sufficient vitamin D from sunlight, UV radiation can convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3, and skin generally produces less vitamin D as a person ages.

4. The working phase in a therapy group is usually characterized by which of the following?

• A. Caution
• B. Cohesiveness
• C. Confusion
• D. Competition

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

5. Before Dianne performs the formal research study, what do you call the pre-testing, small-scale trial run to determine the effectiveness of data collection and methodological problems that might be encountered?

• A. Sampling
• B. Pre-testing
• C. Pre-Study
• D. Pilot Study

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Pilot Study.' A pilot study is a small-scale trial run conducted before the formal research study to identify and address any issues related to data collection and methodology. This helps in determining the effectiveness of the research process and identifying potential problems that may arise. Choice A, 'Sampling,' refers to the process of selecting a subset of individuals from a larger population for research. Choice B, 'Pre-testing,' simply involves testing something before the main testing phase. Choice C, 'Pre-Study,' is not a commonly used term in research methodology and does not specifically refer to the small-scale trial run described in the question.

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