Nursing Elites

1. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is often used to treat which of the following conditions?

• A. Schizophrenia
• B. Bipolar disorder
• C. Posttraumatic stress disorder
• D. Generalized anxiety disorder

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a widely used therapeutic approach effective in treating various mental health conditions. While CBT can be beneficial for different disorders, it is particularly well-suited for anxiety-related conditions like generalized anxiety disorder. CBT focuses on identifying and modifying negative thought patterns and behaviors contributing to anxiety, making it a suitable choice for treating generalized anxiety disorder. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because CBT is not typically the first-line treatment for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or posttraumatic stress disorder, although it may be used as a part of a comprehensive treatment plan.

2. Which characteristic presents the greatest risk for injury to others in a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia?

• A. Depersonalization
• B. Pressured speech
• C. Negative symptoms
• D. Paranoia

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Paranoia in patients with schizophrenia can lead to aggressive behaviors, including violence, which poses a significant risk of injury to others. Individuals experiencing paranoia may perceive others as threats and act defensively or aggressively in response, increasing the likelihood of harm to those around them.

3. Which of the following are therapeutic communication techniques that a healthcare professional can use when interacting with clients?

• A. Using silence
• B. Discouraging the client from washing their hands
• C. Giving advice
• D. Providing reassurance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Therapeutic communication techniques aim to establish a trusting and supportive relationship between the healthcare professional and the client. Using silence is a valid therapeutic technique that allows the client to reflect and express their thoughts. On the other hand, discouraging the client from washing their hands goes against good hygiene practices and is not therapeutic. Giving advice and providing reassurance can be non-therapeutic if not used appropriately, as they may undermine the client's autonomy and problem-solving abilities.

4. When caring for a client with anorexia nervosa in a psychiatric unit, which intervention should the nurse implement to address the client's nutritional needs?

• A. Provide small, frequent meals throughout the day.
• B. Monitor the client's weight daily.
• C. Offer a liquid supplement if the client refuses solid food.
• D. Encourage the client to choose from a variety of food options.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Providing small, frequent meals throughout the day is a crucial intervention when caring for a client with anorexia nervosa. This approach helps in gradually increasing caloric intake and meeting the client's nutritional needs. Offering large meals can be overwhelming and may contribute to anxiety in these clients. By providing small, frequent meals, the nurse supports the client in establishing a healthier eating pattern and aids in the restoration of adequate nutrition levels. Monitoring the client's weight daily (Choice B) may exacerbate anxiety related to body image and weight, which are common concerns in anorexia nervosa. Offering a liquid supplement if the client refuses solid food (Choice C) may not address the underlying issues related to food aversion and may not provide the necessary nutrients in a balanced way. Encouraging the client to choose from a variety of food options (Choice D) may be overwhelming for someone with anorexia nervosa and could lead to increased anxiety around food choices.

5. When assessing a patient with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), which symptom would a nurse most likely observe?

• A. Flashbacks
• B. Excessive worry
• C. Hallucinations
• D. Compulsive behaviors

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Excessive worry is a primary characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Patients with GAD experience persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of their lives, often anticipating disaster or catastrophic outcomes. This worry is difficult to control and can be accompanied by physical symptoms like restlessness, fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, and difficulty concentrating. Flashbacks are more commonly associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), hallucinations are more typical of psychotic disorders, and compulsive behaviors are characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Therefore, when assessing a patient with GAD, a nurse would most likely observe excessive worry.

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