Nursing Elites

1. Carmen discovers that the DASH diet contains more fiber and ____ compared to that of the typical American diet.

• A. vitamin C
• B. iron
• C. potassium
• D. sodium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'potassium.' The DASH diet is rich in potassium, which helps lower blood pressure, making it more effective than the typical American diet, which is often low in this essential mineral. Choice A, 'vitamin C,' is incorrect as the comparison is about fiber and another nutrient, not vitamin C. Choice B, 'iron,' is incorrect as the discussion is about fiber and a mineral that helps lower blood pressure, not iron. Choice D, 'sodium,' is incorrect as the DASH diet actually focuses on reducing sodium intake for better blood pressure control, so it wouldn't be a nutrient found in higher amounts compared to the typical American diet.

2. of the following serves as the strongest for its enforcement? (a) Advances made in Science and Technology have provided the climate for specialization in almost all aspects of human endeavor; and (b) As necessary consequence, there has emerged a new concept known as globalization which seeks to remove barriers in trade, industry and services imposed by the national laws of countries all over the world; and (c) Awareness of this development should impel the nursing sector to prepare our people in the services sector to meet the above challenge; and (d) Current trends of specialization in nursing practice recognized by the International Council of Nurses (ICN) of which the Philippines is a member for the benefit of the Filipino in terms of deepening and refining nursing practice and enhancing the quality of nursing care.

• A. b & c are strong justifications
• B. a & b are strong justifications
• C. a & c are strong justifications
• D. a & d are strong justifications

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

3. A nurse is instructing a group of clients regarding calcium-rich foods. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the teaching as the best source of calcium?

• A. 1?2 cup ice cream
• B. 1 ounce Swiss cheese
• C. 1 cup milk
• D. 1 cup cottage cheese

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cottage cheese is the best source of calcium among the options provided. It is rich in calcium and provides a significant amount per serving. 1 cup of cottage cheese contains more calcium compared to 1?2 cup of ice cream, 1 ounce of Swiss cheese, or 1 cup of milk. Ice cream is not a significant source of calcium and is often high in sugar and fat. Swiss cheese and milk contain calcium, but cottage cheese has a higher calcium content per serving, making it the best choice for meeting calcium needs.

4. A nurse is developing a program about strategies to prevent foodborne illnesses for a community group. The nurse should plan to include which of the following recommendations? (Select one that does not apply).

• A. Keep cold food temperatures below 4.4�C (40�F).
• B. Reheat leftovers before eating.
• C. Wash raw vegetables thoroughly in clean water.
• D. Keep cooked foods at 48.9�C (120�F).

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is to keep cooked foods at 48.9�C (120�F). This temperature is too low to keep cooked foods safe from bacterial growth. The ideal temperature to keep cooked foods safe is above 60�C (140�F). Choices A, B, and C are all important strategies to prevent foodborne illnesses. Keeping cold food temperatures below 4.4�C (40�F) helps prevent bacterial growth, reheating leftovers before eating kills any bacteria that may have grown during storage, and washing raw vegetables thoroughly in clean water helps remove dirt and bacteria.

5. A nurse is teaching a nutrition class for clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements should the nurse include about management of acute illness?

• A. Consume carbs every 3-4 hrs
• B. Decrease fluid intake to 1000 mL per day
• C. Monitor blood glucose twice per day
• D. Check urine for ketones every 24 hrs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement is to 'Consume carbs every 3-4 hours.' During acute illness, it is important to maintain a consistent carbohydrate intake to help manage blood glucose levels for clients with type 2 diabetes. This frequent consumption can prevent hypoglycemia and provide energy needed during illness. Decreasing fluid intake (choice B) is not recommended during acute illness, as hydration is crucial to prevent complications. Monitoring blood glucose (choice C) more frequently than twice a day is necessary during acute illness. Checking urine for ketones (choice D) should be done more frequently than once every 24 hours during illness to monitor for diabetic ketoacidosis.

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