Nursing Elites

1. Carmen discovers that the DASH diet contains more fiber and ____ compared to that of the typical American diet.

• A. vitamin C
• B. iron
• C. potassium
• D. sodium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'potassium.' The DASH diet is rich in potassium, which helps lower blood pressure, making it more effective than the typical American diet, which is often low in this essential mineral. Choice A, 'vitamin C,' is incorrect as the comparison is about fiber and another nutrient, not vitamin C. Choice B, 'iron,' is incorrect as the discussion is about fiber and a mineral that helps lower blood pressure, not iron. Choice D, 'sodium,' is incorrect as the DASH diet actually focuses on reducing sodium intake for better blood pressure control, so it wouldn't be a nutrient found in higher amounts compared to the typical American diet.

2. Which mineral is essential for wound healing?

• A. iodine
• B. chromium
• C. zinc
• D. sulfate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Zinc plays a critical role in wound healing due to its involvement in cell proliferation, immune function, and protein synthesis, all of which are essential for tissue repair.

3. A nurse is instructing a group of clients about nutrition. The nurse should include that which of the following is a trigger for the formation of vitamin D in the body?

• A. Calcium
• B. Vitamin A depletion
• C. Exposure to sunlight
• D. Weight-bearing exercise

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Exposure to sunlight is the trigger for the formation of vitamin D in the body. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, it produces vitamin D. This process is essential for maintaining healthy levels of vitamin D in the body. Calcium (Choice A) is important for bone health but is not the trigger for vitamin D formation. Vitamin A depletion (Choice B) does not directly trigger the formation of vitamin D. Weight-bearing exercise (Choice D) is crucial for bone health but is not directly related to the formation of vitamin D.

4. What physiological role does phosphorus play in the body?

• A. Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and relaxation
• B. Calcium homeostasis, structural integrity of heart muscle
• C. No known metabolic function, caries-preventing properties
• D. ATP energy release; metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins; regulates acid-base balance

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Phosphorus plays a crucial role in ATP energy release, the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, and regulation of acid-base balance. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Phosphorus is not directly involved in blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction, or calcium homeostasis. It also has known metabolic functions and is not associated with caries prevention.

5. High intakes of which of the following interfere with copper absorption and can lead to a deficiency?

• A. chromium
• B. sodium
• C. zinc
• D. manganese

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, zinc. High intakes of zinc can interfere with copper absorption, potentially leading to copper deficiency. Copper is essential for various bodily functions, including iron metabolism. Choice A, chromium, is incorrect because chromium does not interfere with copper absorption. Choice B, sodium, and Choice D, manganese, are also incorrect as they do not interfere with copper absorption.

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