Nursing Elites

1. Which condition can result from prolonged vomiting or diarrhea?

• A. Intracellular fluid
• B. Interstitial fluid
• C. Dehydration
• D. Electrolyte

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dehydration. Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea can lead to significant fluid loss, causing dehydration. Intracellular fluid (choice A) and interstitial fluid (choice B) refer to specific compartments of body fluid and are not conditions resulting from vomiting or diarrhea. Electrolytes (choice D) are minerals that help maintain fluid balance in the body but are not the condition directly resulting from prolonged vomiting or diarrhea.

2. . You are caring for a patient who has a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Your patients plan of care includes assessment of specific gravity every 4 hours. The results of this test will allow the nurse to as

• A. Nutritional status
• B. Potassium balance
• C. Calcium balance
• D. Fluid volume status

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

3. . A medical nurse educator is reviewing a patients recent episode of metabolic acidosis with members of the nursing staff. What should the educator describe about the role of the kidneys in metabolic acidosis?

• A. The kidneys retain hydrogen ions and excrete bicarbonate ions to help restore balance.
• B. The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate ions to help restore balance
• C. The kidneys react rapidly to compensate for imbalances in the body
• D. The kidneys regulate the bicarbonate level in the intracellular fluid.

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

4. A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing moderate metabolic alkalosis. Which action should the nurse take?

• A. Monitor daily hemoglobin and hematocrit values.
• B. Administer furosemide (Lasix) intravenously.
• C. Encourage the client to take deep breaths.
• D. Teach the client fall prevention measures.

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

5. Which positive ion is most prevalent in intracellular fluid?

• A. Calcium
• B. Potassium
• C. Sodium
• D. Magnesium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Potassium (K+). Potassium is the predominant cation found within cells, making it the most prevalent positive ion in intracellular fluid. Calcium, sodium, and magnesium are also essential ions in the body, but they are not as abundant in intracellular fluid. Calcium is vital for bone health and muscle function, sodium helps in maintaining fluid balance and nerve function, and magnesium is involved in numerous biochemical reactions.

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