Nursing Elites

1. Which condition can result from prolonged vomiting or diarrhea?

• A. Intracellular fluid
• B. Interstitial fluid
• C. Dehydration
• D. Electrolyte

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dehydration. Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea can lead to significant fluid loss, causing dehydration. Intracellular fluid (choice A) and interstitial fluid (choice B) refer to specific compartments of body fluid and are not conditions resulting from vomiting or diarrhea. Electrolytes (choice D) are minerals that help maintain fluid balance in the body but are not the condition directly resulting from prolonged vomiting or diarrhea.

2. A nurse is caring for a client who has just experienced a 90-second tonic-clonic seizure. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 6.88, PaO2 50 mm Hg, PaCO2 60 mm Hg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L. Which action should the nurse take first?

• A. . Apply oxygen by mask or nasal cannula
• B. Apply a paper bag over the clients nose and mouth.
• C. Administer 50 mL of sodium bicarbonate intravenously.
• D. Administer 50 mL of 20% glucose and 20 units of regular insulin.

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

3. A nurse in the medical-surgical unit has a newly admitted patient who is oliguric; the acute care nurse practitioner orders a fluid challenge of 100 to 200 mL of normal saline solution over 15 minutes. The nurse is aware this intervention will help:

• A. Distinguish hyponatremia from hypernatremia
• B. Evaluate pituitary gland function
• C. Distinguish reduced renal blood flow from decreased renal function
• D. Provide an effective treatment for hypertension-induced oliguria

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Administering a fluid challenge in oliguric patients helps to distinguish reduced renal blood flow from decreased renal function. This intervention aids in determining whether the oliguria is due to reduced renal blood flow (such as in fluid volume deficit or prerenal azotemia) or decreased renal function (such as in acute tubular necrosis). The response to this challenge can indicate the underlying cause. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the purpose of a fluid challenge in oliguric patients.

4. Which of the following organs does not contribute to fluid output from the body?

• A. Lungs
• B. Skin
• C. Intestine
• D. Lungs, skin, and intestine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. All the listed organs (lungs, skin, and intestines) contribute to fluid loss from the body. Lungs contribute to fluid loss through respiration, skin through sweating, and intestines through excretion. Therefore, none of the organs listed in the options retain fluids within the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because all of these organs play a role in fluid output from the body.

5. What is the main force that pushes fluid in blood capillaries?

• A. Blood pressure.
• B. Sodium in the blood plasma.
• C. Sodium in the interstitial fluid.
• D. Protein in the blood plasma.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, blood pressure. Blood pressure is the primary force that pushes fluid out of the capillaries into the surrounding tissues. This pressure difference is essential for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products between the blood and tissues. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the primary force responsible for pushing fluid in blood capillaries.

Similar Questions