Nursing Elites

1. Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used for?

• A. regulating the transmission of nerve impulses
• B. providing energy for cells
• C. providing rigidity for the bones
• D. regulating muscle contraction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: providing rigidity for the bones. Almost all of the calcium in the body is utilized for maintaining the strength and structure of bones and teeth. Calcium plays a crucial role in skeletal health by providing rigidity and support to the skeletal system. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while calcium is essential for various physiological functions like nerve transmission, cell energy production, and muscle contraction, the majority of calcium in the body is primarily allocated for bone health.

2. A client is on a 2,000-calorie American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet and substitutes whole milk with skim milk. Which of the following items can the client add to the oatmeal on his breakfast tray?

• A. One 1/8 teaspoon of salt
• B. One ounce of raisins
• C. One tablespoon of low-fat margarine
• D. One teaspoon of brown sugar

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is one ounce of raisins. Raisins are a healthy option to add to oatmeal as they provide natural sweetness without added sugars. They are a good source of fiber and essential nutrients. Option A, one 1/8 teaspoon of salt, is not necessary for flavoring oatmeal. Option C, one tablespoon of low-fat margarine, may add unnecessary fat to the meal. Option D, one teaspoon of brown sugar, adds extra sugar, which should be limited in a diabetes-friendly diet.

3. Each statement is true, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Infant formulas should be discontinued at approximately 1 year of age
• B. Low-fat milk is not recommended for children younger than 2 years
• C. Special toddler formulas are available but are unnecessary
• D. Vitamin D-fortified whole milk should not be provided until 2 years

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Vitamin D-fortified whole milk should be provided starting at age 1 after discontinuing breast feeding or infant formulas, not at 2 years. Providing whole milk at age 2 is appropriate. Choices A, B, and C are correct statements: infant formulas are typically discontinued around 1 year of age, low-fat milk is not recommended for children under 2 years, and special toddler formulas are unnecessary.

4. A patient has begun taking furosemide to manage heart failure. What food should the nurse recommend that the patient consume frequently while taking this drug?

• A. legumes
• B. cabbage
• C. peanut butter
• D. bananas

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Furosemide is a diuretic that can lead to potassium loss; therefore, it is recommended that patients consume potassium-rich foods like bananas to prevent hypokalemia.

5. Diet therapy for Rudy, who has acute renal failure is low-protein, low potassium and low sodium. The nutrition instructions should include:

• A. Recommend protein of high biologic value like eggs, poultry and lean meats
• B. Encourage client to include raw cucumbers, carrot, cabbage, and tomatoes
• C. Allowing the client cheese, canned foods and other processed food
• D. Bananas, cantaloupe, orange and other fresh fruits can be included in the diet

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

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