Nursing Elites

1. According to Erikson, the major personality attainment of adolescence is __________.

• A. trust
• B. identity
• C. autonomy
• D. intimacy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the major personality attainment of adolescence is identity. During adolescence, individuals go through a stage called 'Identity vs. Role Confusion,' where they explore different roles and develop a sense of self. Trust (choice A) is associated with the first stage of Erikson's theory, autonomy (choice C) is linked to the toddler stage, and intimacy (choice D) is a key aspect of the young adulthood stage.

2. Recent evidence suggests that paternal alcohol use around the time of conception __________.

• A. can alter gene expression
• B. can cause fetal alcohol syndrome
• C. is linked to blood vessel abnormalities
• D. has no negative effect on the developing organism

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Recent evidence suggests that paternal alcohol use around the time of conception can alter gene expression. This means that paternal alcohol consumption can potentially impact the genes and genetic materials passed on to offspring, affecting their development and health. Choice B is incorrect because fetal alcohol syndrome is typically associated with maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, not paternal alcohol use around conception. Choice C is incorrect as there is no direct link between paternal alcohol use and blood vessel abnormalities. Choice D is incorrect as paternal alcohol use can indeed have negative effects on the developing organism, particularly through altering gene expression.

3. Which statement about interventions that support parents and preterm infants is true?

• A. Preterm infants whose parents receive coaching show no gains in mental test performance.
• B. Babies who are both preterm and economically disadvantaged require long-term, intensive intervention.
• C. For economically disadvantaged parents of preterm infants, just a few sessions of coaching are required.
• D. Even for parents with adequate economic and personal resources, long-term, intensive intervention is necessary. Answer: B Page Ref: 100 Skill Level: Understand Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 29 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e interventions. Topic: Preterm and Low-Birth-Weight Infants Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Babies who are both preterm and economically disadvantaged typically require long-term, intensive intervention. This is because the combination of being born preterm and being economically disadvantaged can pose significant challenges for the infant's development. Providing ongoing support and interventions can help address these challenges and promote healthy development in these infants.

4. A 20-week-old fetus can __________.

• A. be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds
• B. survive, if born early
• C. breathe without oxygen assistance, if born early
• D. control its own body temperature Answer: A Page Ref: 80 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A 20-week-old fetus is able to be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds because by this stage of prenatal development, the fetus's auditory system is already well-developed. It can respond to external sounds and may even startle or move in reaction to loud noises.

5. Dr. Anderson wants to conduct a study to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between domestic violence and anger in children. Dr. Anderson should use a(n) __________ design.

• A. structured
• B. observational
• C. correlational
• D. experimental

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Dr. Anderson should use an experimental design to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between domestic violence and anger in children. In an experimental design, the researcher manipulates the independent variable (in this case, exposure to domestic violence) to observe its effect on the dependent variable (anger in children). This design allows for the establishment of a cause-and-effect relationship by controlling for other variables that may influence the outcomes. Observational design (Choice B) involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interference, correlational design (Choice C) examines the relationship between variables without manipulating them, and structured design (Choice A) typically refers to a study with predetermined procedures and data collection methods, which may not be suitable for establishing cause-and-effect relationships.

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