ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Clep Practice Exam
1. According to Erikson, the danger in middle childhood is __________, reflected in the pessimism of children who lack confidence in their ability to do things well.
- A. shame
- B. mistrust
- C. inferiority
- D. despair
Correct answer: C
Rationale: According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, the danger in middle childhood is 'inferiority.' During this stage, children may develop a sense of inadequacy and inferiority if they are unable to master the social and academic tasks expected of them. This feeling of inferiority can lead to low self-esteem and pessimism about their abilities. Choice A, 'shame,' is more closely associated with Erikson's stage of autonomy vs. shame and doubt in early childhood. Choice B, 'mistrust,' is linked to Erikson's stage of trust vs. mistrust in infancy. Choice D, 'despair,' is related to Erikson's stage of integrity vs. despair in late adulthood.
2. Which statement describes a limitation of the clinical method?
- A. It may not yield observations typical of participants’ behavior in everyday life.
- B. Researchers cannot control conditions under which participants are observed.
- C. The findings cannot be applied to individuals other than the participant.
- D. It does not usually yield rich, descriptive insights into factors that affect development. Answer: C Page Ref: 30 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Studying Development Difficulty Level: Moderate
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The statement that describes a limitation of the clinical method is that the findings cannot be applied to individuals other than the participant. The clinical method typically involves in-depth studies of individual participants, which may limit generalizability to a broader population. This means that the findings from a clinical study may not be applicable to other individuals who are not directly involved in the study.
3. __________ supplementation early in pregnancy reduces the risk of abnormalities of the neural tube, the circulatory system, and the urinary tract.
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Folic acid
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin C
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Folic acid supplementation early in pregnancy is crucial as it reduces the risk of abnormalities in the developing fetus. It is specifically known to prevent issues related to the neural tube, circulatory system, and urinary tract. Vitamin A, Vitamin D, and Vitamin C do not play the same role as folic acid in preventing these specific birth defects, making them incorrect choices.
4. T. Berry Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) evaluates a newborn's __________.
- A. risk for developmental problems
- B. ability to comply with parental commands and responsiveness to touch
- C. reflexes, muscle tone, state changes, and responsiveness to stimulation
- D. heart rate, respiratory effort, reflex irritability, muscle tone, and color
Correct answer: C
Rationale: T. Berry Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) evaluates a newborn's reflexes, muscle tone, state changes, and responsiveness to stimulation. This assessment helps healthcare providers understand the newborn's behavioral responses and capabilities in various areas, providing valuable insights into their overall development and well-being. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the NBAS focuses on assessing the newborn's behavioral responses and capabilities, rather than their risk for developmental problems, compliance with commands, or physiological parameters like heart rate and respiratory effort.
5. A theory of development __________.
- A. illustrates the ultimate truth about human behavior
- B. describes, explains, and predicts behavior
- C. explains all aspects of human growth
- D. does not require scientific verification
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A theory of development describes, explains, and predicts behavior. It provides a framework for understanding how individuals grow and change over time. The purpose of a theory is not to illustrate ultimate truth or explain all aspects of human growth, but rather to help researchers and practitioners make sense of and predict human behavior. Theories are expected to be tested and refined through scientific verification. Choice A is incorrect because theories do not necessarily illustrate ultimate truth. Choice C is incorrect as theories focus on behavior and development, not all aspects of human growth. Choice D is incorrect because scientific verification is essential for theories to be valid and reliable.
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