Nursing Elites

1. Which statement about prenatal rubella is true?

• A. The greatest damage occurs when rubella strikes during the fetal period.
• B. The organ damage inflicted by prenatal rubella can lead to lifelong health problems. Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 15 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e
• C. Routine vaccination has made new rubella outbreaks extremely rare worldwide.
• D. Infection during the embryonic period is less harmful than during other prenatal periods. Answer: B Page Ref: 86‒87 Skill Level: Understand known or suspected teratogens. Topic: Prenatal Environmental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement that the organ damage inflicted by prenatal rubella can lead to lifelong health problems is true. Rubella infection during pregnancy can cause serious harm to the developing fetus, including organ damage, deafness, heart defects, and intellectual disabilities. This highlights the importance of prevention and vaccination to protect both pregnant women and their unborn babies from the harmful effects of rubella.

2. __________, a strong type of painkiller used in labor and delivery, blocks sensation.

• A. Anesthetics
• B. Analgesics
• C. Anti-inflammatories
• D. Folic acids

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Anesthetics, such as epidurals, are a strong type of painkiller used in labor and delivery that block sensation. They work by numbing the nerves in the lower part of the spine, providing pain relief during childbirth. Choice B, Analgesics, are pain relievers that reduce pain without causing loss of consciousness, but they are not as strong as anesthetics for labor pain. Choice C, Anti-inflammatories, are medications that reduce inflammation and do not directly block sensation like anesthetics. Choice D, Folic acids, are a type of B vitamin crucial for cell growth and metabolism, not used as painkillers in labor and delivery.

3. __________ doubles the risk of SIDS.

• A. Failure to tightly swaddle an infant during sleep
• B. Use of a pacifier or a security blanket
• C. Placing an infant to sleep on his back
• D. Cigarette smoking by a caregiver Answer: D Page Ref: 106 Box: BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT: The Mysterious Tragedy of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Skill Level: Understand Topic: The Newborn Baby’s Capacities Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cigarette smoking by a caregiver doubles the risk of SIDS. Secondhand smoke exposure can increase the likelihood of SIDS due to the toxins and chemicals present in cigarette smoke. It is important to have a smoke-free environment for infants to reduce the risk of SIDS.

4. Baby Gabriella claps her hands after her mother does. Gabriella is displaying __________.

• A. reinforcement
• B. classical conditioning
• C. observational learning
• D. adaptation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Observational learning is when an individual learns by watching others and mimicking their actions or behaviors. In this scenario, Baby Gabriella claps her hands after her mother does, indicating she is learning through observing her mother's behavior and imitating it. The other choices are incorrect: Reinforcement typically involves a consequence that strengthens a behavior, classical conditioning is a type of learning where an association is made between two stimuli, and adaptation refers to the process of adjusting to new conditions.

5. Unlike adults, newborn babies __________.

• A. have a limited sense of smell
• B. see nearby objects most clearly
• C. prefer unfamiliar voices to familiar ones
• D. see unclearly across a wide range of distances

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Unlike adults, newborn babies see nearby objects most clearly. This is due to the fact that newborns have a limited ability to focus their eyes on objects that are farther away. Their visual acuity is not fully developed at birth, leading to clearer vision of objects situated at a close distance. Choice A is incorrect because newborn babies have a well-developed sense of smell. Choice C is incorrect as newborns typically show a preference for familiar voices, such as their mother's voice. Choice D is incorrect as newborns do not see unclearly across a wide range of distances; rather, their vision is clearer for nearby objects.

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