Nursing Elites

1. A student asks the faculty to explain best practices when communicating with a person from the LGBTQ community. What answer by the faculty is most accurate?

• A. Avoid embarrassing the individual by asking questions.
• B. Don't make assumptions about their health needs.
• C. Most LGBTQ individuals do not want to share information.
• D. No differences exist in communicating with this group.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: It is essential not to make assumptions about the health needs of individuals from the LGBTQ community. Each person is unique, and assuming their needs based on their sexual orientation or gender identity can lead to incorrect care and communication. By being open-minded and avoiding assumptions, healthcare providers can create a safe and supportive environment for LGBTQ individuals to discuss their health needs openly and honestly.

2. When assessing a client with pneumonia, which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to find?

• A. Fremitus
• B. Hyperresonance
• C. Dullness on percussion
• D. Decreased tactile fremitus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In pneumonia, lung tissue consolidation occurs, leading to dullness on percussion. This is a typical finding in pneumonia. Fremitus and decreased tactile fremitus are more commonly associated with conditions like pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Hyperresonance is typically seen in conditions causing air trapping, such as emphysema.

3. A client reports a headache and vertigo after turning on his furnace for the first time this season. The nurse should suspect which of the following conditions?

• A. Carbon monoxide poisoning
• B. Heat stroke
• C. Hypersensitivity reaction
• D. Oxygen toxicity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a client reports headache and vertigo after turning on the furnace for the first time, it suggests carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide is an odorless, colorless gas that can be released by malfunctioning heating systems. Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, and confusion. It is crucial for the nurse to suspect this condition promptly to ensure the client's safety and well-being.

4. A healthcare professional is assessing a client who has a fracture of the femur. Vital signs are obtained on admission and again in 2 hours. Which of the following changes in assessment should indicate to the healthcare professional that the client could be developing a serious complication?

• A. Increased respiratory rate from 18 to 44/min
• B. Increased oral temperature from 36.6� C (97.8� F) to 37� C (98.6� F)
• C. Increased blood pressure from 112/68 to 120/72 mm Hg
• D. Increased heart rate from 68 to 72/min

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An increased respiratory rate from 18 to 44/min is a significant change that should alert the healthcare professional to a potential serious complication. Such a drastic increase in respiratory rate may indicate respiratory distress or hypoxia, which are critical conditions requiring immediate attention. The other options show minor changes in vital signs that are within normal limits and are less likely to indicate a serious complication.

5. Which action should the nurse take to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a client with an endotracheal tube receiving mechanical ventilation?

• A. Position the head of the client's bed flat
• B. Turn the client every 4 hours
• C. Brush the client's teeth with a suction toothbrush every 12 hours
• D. Provide humidity by maintaining moisture within the ventilator tubing

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common complication in clients receiving mechanical ventilation. Oral hygiene is crucial in reducing the risk of VAP. Brushing the client's teeth with a suction toothbrush every 12 hours helps prevent bacterial colonization in the oral cavity, which can be aspirated into the lungs. Positioning the head of the bed flat can increase the risk of aspiration. Turning the client every 4 hours is important for preventing pressure ulcers but not directly related to reducing VAP. Providing humidity in the ventilator tubing helps maintain airway moisture but does not directly address the risk of VAP.

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