Nursing Elites

1. A patient with a history of asthma is admitted with shortness of breath. What is the nurse's priority intervention?

• A. Administer a bronchodilator as prescribed.
• B. Encourage the patient to use an incentive spirometer.
• C. Place the patient in a high Fowler's position.
• D. Monitor the patient's oxygen saturation closely.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to administer a bronchodilator as prescribed. This intervention is the priority for a patient with asthma experiencing shortness of breath as it helps relax the airways, making breathing easier. Encouraging the use of an incentive spirometer (Choice B) is beneficial for lung expansion but not the priority in this acute situation. Placing the patient in a high Fowler's position (Choice C) can also help with breathing but is not as immediate as administering a bronchodilator. While monitoring the patient's oxygen saturation closely (Choice D) is important, the immediate action to address the breathing difficulty is administering a bronchodilator.

2. A patient reflects a correct understanding about the relationship between the gate control theory of pain and the use of meditation to relieve pain?

• A. Meditation alters the chemical composition of pain neuroregulators, which closes the gate.
• B. Meditation stops the occurrence of pain stimuli.
• C. Meditation controls pain by blocking pain impulses from coming through the gate.
• D. Meditation will help me sleep through the pain because it opens the gate.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. According to the gate control theory, meditation helps relieve pain by blocking pain impulses from coming through the gate in the central nervous system. Choice A is incorrect as meditation does not directly alter the chemical composition of pain neuroregulators. Choice B is incorrect because meditation does not stop the occurrence of pain stimuli. Choice D is incorrect as meditation does not open the gate but rather closes it to block pain impulses.

3. A nurse notices that a colleague has an odor of alcohol while on duty. What is the most appropriate action?

• A. Speak to the colleague in private.
• B. Report the behavior to the nurse manager immediately.
• C. Confront the colleague directly on the floor.
• D. Do nothing and document the situation.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Reporting the behavior to the nurse manager immediately is the most appropriate action when a nurse suspects a colleague of being impaired while on duty. This is crucial to ensure patient safety and maintain a professional and safe work environment. Speaking to the colleague in private may not address the issue effectively and could potentially put patients at risk if the colleague is indeed impaired. Confronting the colleague directly on the floor may lead to a confrontation and is not the most professional way to handle the situation. Doing nothing and documenting the situation without taking immediate action can jeopardize patient safety and is not an appropriate response when substance use is suspected.

4. A nurse is preparing a client for surgery. Which of the following actions should be taken first?

• A. Ensure informed consent is signed
• B. Start IV fluids
• C. Administer preoperative antibiotics
• D. Reinforce surgical site dressing

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to ensure informed consent is signed first when preparing a client for surgery. This step is crucial as it ensures that the client has been informed about the procedure, risks, benefits, and alternatives before giving consent. Starting IV fluids (choice B) may be necessary but comes after obtaining informed consent. Administering preoperative antibiotics (choice C) is important but typically follows confirming informed consent. Reinforcing surgical site dressing (choice D) is a postoperative step and does not take precedence over obtaining informed consent.

5. A client is being taught about which foods to include in a low fiber diet. Which statement indicates understanding?

• A. Choosing a fresh pear would be a good snack option
• B. I should make refried beans for supper
• C. Selecting white rice as a side dish is a good choice
• D. Opting for bran cereal would be a good breakfast choice

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because white rice is a low-fiber food suitable for a low-fiber diet, making it an appropriate choice. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because fresh pear, refried beans, and bran cereal are high-fiber foods and not suitable for a low-fiber diet.

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