Nursing Elites

1. A patient has begun taking furosemide to manage heart failure. What food should the nurse recommend that the patient consume frequently while taking this drug?

• A. legumes
• B. cabbage
• C. peanut butter
• D. bananas

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Furosemide is a diuretic that can lead to potassium loss; therefore, it is recommended that patients consume potassium-rich foods like bananas to prevent hypokalemia.

2. How many calories are contained in a food that has 15 grams of carbohydrates, 4 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat?

• A. 106
• B. 124
• C. 166
• D. 202

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To calculate the total calories in a food item, you can use the following conversions: every 1 gram of carbohydrate provides 4 calories, 1 gram of protein provides 4 calories, and 1 gram of fat provides 9 calories. Therefore, for this food item, multiply 15 grams of carbohydrates by 4 calories/gram, 4 grams of protein by 4 calories/gram, and 10 grams of fat by 9 calories/gram. The calculation would be (15 * 4) + (4 * 4) + (10 * 9) = 60 + 16 + 90 = 166 calories. Choice A (106) is incorrect because it does not consider the calories from fat. Choice B (124) is incorrect as it underestimates the calories by not including all macronutrients. Choice D (202) is incorrect as it overestimates the calories by adding up the values incorrectly.

3. A 52-year-old male patient recently required surgery for the removal of a large calcium oxalate stone. To prevent further stone formation, the nurse advises against drinking?

• A. apple juice
• B. tea
• C. orange juice
• D. coffee

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Tea contains oxalates, which can contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones; therefore, patients prone to kidney stones should avoid excessive tea consumption.

4. What is the term for a state of disequilibrium wherein a person cannot readily solve a problem or situation using their usual coping mechanisms?

• A. Crisis
• B. Mental health
• C. Mental illness
• D. Stress

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In psychological terms, a 'Crisis' refers to a state of disequilibrium wherein a person cannot readily solve a problem or situation even by using his usual coping mechanisms. This is different from 'Mental Illness' (Choice C) which is a more general term for a wide range of mental health conditions that affect mood, thinking and behavior. 'Mental Health' (Choice B) is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. Finally, 'Stress' (Choice D) is a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances, but it does not necessarily disrupt equilibrium to the extent that usual coping mechanisms are ineffective, unlike 'Crisis'.

5. Which nutrient has the highest satiety value?

• A. Complex carbohydrates
• B. High-quality protein
• C. Low-quality protein
• D. Fat

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fat has the highest satiety value among the listed nutrients. It slows down digestion, stays in the stomach longer, and provides a sustained release of energy, leading to increased feelings of fullness and satisfaction. Complex carbohydrates can also contribute to satiety, but fat generally has a stronger effect. High-quality protein is important for satiety as well, but it is generally not as filling as fat. Low-quality protein does not have as significant satiating effects as high-quality protein or fat.

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