Nursing Elites

1. A parent of an infant with congenital hypothyroidism is receiving teaching from a nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Your child will need to take medication for a few months
• B. You will need to give your child the medication every other day
• C. Your child will need to take the medication until age 10
• D. Your child will need to take the medication for life

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Congenital hypothyroidism requires lifelong medication to manage the condition effectively. The nurse should emphasize to the parent that their child will need to take the medication for life to ensure proper thyroid hormone levels and prevent complications associated with hypothyroidism.

2. The healthcare provider is explaining to a 17-year-old female the actions to prevent urinary tract infection. Which is the best beverage for the healthcare provider to recommend to keep urine acidic?

• A. Milk
• B. Grape juice
• C. Apple juice
• D. Orange juice

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To maintain the acidity of urine and potentially prevent urinary tract infections, juices such as apple or cranberry are recommended due to their ability to create an acidic environment in the urinary tract that may help inhibit bacterial growth.

3. In the management of heart failure, which diuretic is preferred due to its demonstrated significant mortality reduction in patients with heart failure?

• A. Furosemide (Lasix)
• B. Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)
• C. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
• D. Mannitol (Osmitrol)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, is the preferred choice in heart failure due to its cardio-protective effect, leading to reduced mortality in patients with heart failure. It is used to manage both hypertension and edema, making it a valuable option in heart failure treatment.

4. Which of the following is a key feature of the diagnosis of ASD according to the DSM V?

• A. Unusual responses to sensory input
• B. Social isolation
• C. Repetitive behaviors
• D. Delayed motor development

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the DSM V, one of the key diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is unusual responses to sensory input. These atypical responses can include hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to sensory stimuli, such as sound, touch, taste, or smell. These sensory processing differences are important in the diagnosis of ASD because they can significantly impact an individual's daily functioning and behavior. Social isolation and repetitive behaviors are associated features of ASD but are not the key diagnostic criteria according to the DSM V. Delayed motor development may be observed in some individuals with ASD, but it is not a key feature used for diagnosis in the DSM V.

5. A patient is prescribed fluconazole (Diflucan) for a vaginal yeast infection. The nurse should be concerned if the patient is also taking which medication?

• A. Losartan (Cozaar)
• B. Simvastatin (Zocor)
• C. Lisinopril (Zestril)
• D. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When fluconazole is taken with statins like simvastatin, it can increase the levels of the statin in the blood, potentially leading to adverse effects such as muscle pain and weakness. Therefore, the nurse should be concerned if the patient is taking simvastatin along with fluconazole.

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