Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare professional is teaching a patient how to prevent falls at home. Which instruction is most appropriate?

• A. Keep your living space well-lit.
• B. Remove loose rugs and install grab bars in the bathroom.
• C. Use furniture to provide support when walking.
• D. Wear socks without shoes to prevent slipping.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate instruction to prevent falls at home is to remove loose rugs and install grab bars in high-risk areas like the bathroom. This helps eliminate tripping hazards and provides stability for the patient. Keeping the living space well-lit (Choice A) is important but may not directly address fall prevention. Using furniture for support (Choice C) can lead to accidents if the furniture is not stable. Wearing socks without shoes (Choice D) increases the risk of slipping rather than preventing falls.

2. While providing care to a group of patients, which patient should the nurse see first?

• A. A patient after knee surgery who needs range of motion exercises
• B. A patient on bed rest who has renal calculi and needs to go to the bathroom
• C. A bedridden patient who has a reddened area on the buttocks who needs to be turned
• D. A patient with a hip replacement on prolonged bed rest reporting chest pain and dyspnea

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The nurse should see the patient with a hip replacement experiencing chest pain and dyspnea first because these symptoms could indicate a pulmonary embolism, which is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate attention. The other patients also need care, but urgent assessment and intervention are crucial in the case of potential pulmonary embolism to prevent serious complications or death.

3. Which intervention is most effective in managing a patient with chronic pain?

• A. Administer opioid medications as prescribed.
• B. Teach the patient relaxation techniques.
• C. Encourage the patient to perform range of motion exercises.
• D. Recommend complete bed rest to minimize pain.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most effective intervention in managing a patient with chronic pain is teaching the patient relaxation techniques. Relaxation techniques can help reduce stress, decrease muscle tension, and improve pain management in patients with chronic pain. Administering opioids as prescribed may have risks of dependence and side effects, making it less favorable as a first-line intervention. Encouraging range of motion exercises can be beneficial, but relaxation techniques directly target stress reduction, a common exacerbating factor in chronic pain. Recommending complete bed rest is generally discouraged in chronic pain management as it can lead to deconditioning and worsen pain over time.

4. A nurse is teaching an older adult client who reports constipation. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Increase dietary intake of raw vegetables
• B. Limit activity
• C. Drink four to five glasses of water daily
• D. Bear down hard when defecating

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct instruction the nurse should include is to advise the client to drink four to five glasses of water daily. Increasing water intake helps alleviate constipation by softening stool and increasing bowel movements. Choice A, increasing dietary intake of raw vegetables, can be helpful in preventing constipation but may not be sufficient as the sole intervention for someone already experiencing constipation. Choice B, limiting activity, can worsen constipation as physical activity helps stimulate bowel movements. Choice D, bearing down hard when defecating, can lead to other issues like hemorrhoids and should be avoided.

5. What are the nursing priorities when caring for a patient with a newly placed peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)?

• A. Performing sterile dressing changes
• B. Educating the patient on PICC line care
• C. Flushing the PICC line as prescribed
• D. Inspecting the insertion site for signs of infection

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Performing sterile dressing changes. When caring for a patient with a newly placed PICC line, one of the nursing priorities is to ensure proper care of the insertion site by performing sterile dressing changes. This helps prevent infections and maintain the integrity of the line. While educating the patient on PICC line care, flushing the PICC line as prescribed, and inspecting the insertion site for signs of infection are important aspects of care, the priority immediately after insertion is to maintain the sterility of the site through proper dressing changes.

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