Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about therapeutic techniques to use when leading a group on a mental health unit. Which of the following group facilitation techniques should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Share personal opinions to help influence the group's values.
• B. Measure the accomplishments of the group against a previous group.
• C. Yield in situations of conflicts to maintain group harmony.
• D. Use modeling to help the clients improve their interpersonal skills.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Use modeling to help the clients improve their interpersonal skills.' Modeling is an effective therapeutic technique where the leader demonstrates appropriate behaviors for the group to learn from. This technique can help clients improve their interpersonal skills by observing and replicating positive behaviors. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Sharing personal opinions to influence the group's values may not be appropriate as it could hinder the group dynamics and individual autonomy. Comparing accomplishments against a previous group is not a recommended technique as each group is unique, and comparisons may not be beneficial. Yielding in conflicts to maintain group harmony may lead to unresolved issues and hinder the group's progress.

2. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Massage the affected leg to relieve discomfort
• B. Place a heating pad on the affected leg
• C. Encourage the client to walk around frequently
• D. Monitor the client's oxygen saturation level

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor the client's oxygen saturation level. Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) increases the risk of pulmonary embolism, a life-threatening complication. Monitoring oxygen saturation helps in early detection of any signs of compromised respiratory function. Massaging the affected leg can dislodge a blood clot, leading to severe consequences. Applying heat through a heating pad can promote vasodilation and increase the risk of clot dislodgment. While mobility is essential in preventing DVT complications, encouraging excessive walking without proper assessment can potentially dislodge a clot and worsen the condition.

3. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen in patients taking furosemide?

• A. Hypokalemia
• B. Hyponatremia
• C. Hyperkalemia
• D. Hypercalcemia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypokalemia. Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can lead to potassium loss in the urine, resulting in hypokalemia. This electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen in patients taking furosemide and requires close monitoring. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because furosemide does not typically cause hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, or hypercalcemia as frequently as it causes hypokalemia.

4. A nurse is preparing to administer blood to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

• A. Check the client's identification bracelet.
• B. Obtain the client's vital signs.
• C. Initiate the transfusion slowly over the first 15 minutes.
• D. Verify the client's blood type and Rh factor.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is to verify the client's blood type and Rh factor first before administering blood. This is crucial to ensure compatibility and prevent transfusion reactions. Checking the client's identification bracelet (Choice A) is important but should come after verifying blood type. Obtaining vital signs (Choice B) and initiating the transfusion slowly (Choice C) are important steps but verifying blood type is the priority to ensure safe blood administration.

5. A client who is postoperative following a colon resection reports pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Assist the client in changing positions in bed
• B. Administer a PRN dose of morphine
• C. Encourage the client to use relaxation techniques
• D. Offer the client a back massage

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Administering a PRN dose of morphine is the most appropriate action to manage postoperative pain in a client following a colon resection. Morphine is a potent analgesic commonly used to relieve moderate to severe pain, especially in postoperative settings. While assisting the client to change positions in bed, encouraging relaxation techniques, and offering a back massage can provide comfort and support, they may not be sufficient in managing the pain following a major surgical procedure like a colon resection. Therefore, the priority intervention for acute postoperative pain control in this scenario is to administer medication like morphine.

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