Nursing Elites

1. A client in her first trimester of pregnancy is being taught by a nurse about over-the-counter medications that belong to pregnancy risk category B. Which of the following medications should the nurse include?

• A. Naproxen
• B. Aspirin
• C. Ibuprofen
• D. Acetaminophen

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Acetaminophen is the correct choice as it belongs to pregnancy risk category B, making it considered safe during pregnancy. Naproxen, Aspirin, and Ibuprofen are not recommended during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, as they are classified in higher-risk categories which may be harmful to the developing fetus.

2. A nurse is presenting educational materials for a group of middle-aged clients about menopausal hormone therapy following a total hysterectomy. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

• A. Take at different times of the day
• B. Prevents from having a cerebral hemorrhage
• C. Prevents osteoporotic fractures
• D. Take an extra dose if missed a day

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct information the nurse should include is that menopausal hormone therapy helps prevent osteoporotic fractures by maintaining bone density. Option A is incorrect as hormone therapy should be taken consistently at the same time each day for optimal effectiveness. Option B is incorrect as menopausal hormone therapy is not primarily aimed at preventing cerebral hemorrhage. Option D is incorrect because taking an extra dose is not recommended if a dose is missed; instead, the missed dose should be taken as soon as remembered, unless it is close to the time for the next dose.

3. A nurse is assessing a client who has asthma. Which of the following areas should the nurse evaluate as the most reliable indicator of central cyanosis?

• A. Oral mucosa
• B. Conjunctivae
• C. Soles of the feet
• D. Ear lobes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Central cyanosis is best assessed by examining the oral mucosa, as it is a more reliable indicator compared to other areas like the conjunctivae, soles of the feet, and ear lobes. The oral mucosa reflects the oxygen saturation levels of the blood more accurately. Conjunctivae and ear lobes may show cyanosis, but they are not as reliable as the oral mucosa. The soles of the feet are not typically used to assess central cyanosis.

4. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being cared for by a nurse. What is the most appropriate action to improve the patient's oxygenation?

• A. Encourage the patient to use incentive spirometry.
• B. Administer oxygen via nasal cannula as prescribed.
• C. Assist the patient with coughing and deep breathing exercises.
• D. Position the patient in a high Fowler's position.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Administering oxygen via nasal cannula as prescribed is the most appropriate action to improve the patient's oxygenation in COPD. Oxygen therapy helps maintain adequate oxygen levels in the blood, which is crucial for managing COPD. Encouraging the use of incentive spirometry, assisting with coughing and deep breathing exercises, and positioning the patient in high Fowler's position are all beneficial interventions, but administering oxygen is the priority for immediate oxygenation support in COPD.

5. A case manager at an assisted living facility is reviewing the use of complementary health practices by several clients. Which of the following actions should the case manager plan to take?

• A. Plan to report a client's use of echinacea to the provider as a contraindication to aspirin therapy
• B. Plan to schedule time for a new client to continue tai chi practice as a stress reduction technique
• C. Tell a client that yoga has not been proven effective to reduce manifestations of menopause
• D. Tell a client who drinks cranberry juice daily that it can help treat existing urinary tract infections

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Tai chi is a recognized complementary health practice for stress reduction. Scheduling time for a new client to continue tai chi practice aligns with supporting holistic care. Choice A is incorrect because reporting a client's use of echinacea as a contraindication to aspirin therapy is not necessary without further context or evidence of interactions. Choice C is wrong because yoga can indeed be effective in reducing manifestations of menopause. Choice D is also incorrect because while cranberry juice is known to help prevent urinary tract infections, it is not typically used to treat existing infections.

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