Nursing Elites

1. A client is being taught about which foods to include in a low fiber diet. Which statement indicates understanding?

• A. Choosing a fresh pear would be a good snack option
• B. I should make refried beans for supper
• C. Selecting white rice as a side dish is a good choice
• D. Opting for bran cereal would be a good breakfast choice

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because white rice is a low-fiber food suitable for a low-fiber diet, making it an appropriate choice. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because fresh pear, refried beans, and bran cereal are high-fiber foods and not suitable for a low-fiber diet.

2. During a home visit with an older adult client, a nurse should address which of the following observations to promote a safe environment?

• A. Loud volume of the television set
• B. Wall-to-wall carpet in the living room
• C. Low chairs without armrests
• D. Use of indirect lighting

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Low chairs without armrests. This observation should be addressed by the nurse to promote a safe environment for the older adult client. Low chairs without armrests increase the risk of falls as they can be challenging for older adults to sit down on or get up from. Addressing this issue can help prevent falls and promote safety. Choices A, B, and D are not as crucial for promoting a safe environment compared to the risk posed by low chairs without armrests.

3. The nurse is caring for a group of medical-surgical patients. A fire has been reported in an adjacent wing of the hospital. What should the nurse do to ensure the patients' safety?

• A. Wait until the fire department arrives before taking action.
• B. Close all doors.
• C. Identify evacuation routes.
• D. Move bedridden patients in their beds.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During a fire emergency, it is crucial to close all doors to contain smoke and fire, helping to protect the patients. This action can prevent the spread of fire and smoke to the area where patients are located. Identifying evacuation routes is also important for a timely and orderly evacuation if necessary. Waiting for the fire department to arrive before taking action (Choice A) can waste valuable time and put patients at risk. Moving bedridden patients in their beds (Choice D) can be dangerous during a fire and should be avoided as it can expose patients and staff to more risks.

4. A nurse is caring for an older adult client. The nurse informs the client that straining while defecating can cause which of the following?

• A. Diarrhea
• B. Gastric ulcer
• C. Dilated pupils
• D. Dysrhythmias

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dysrhythmias. Straining while defecating can lead to dysrhythmias due to increased vagal stimulation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Straining while defecating is not typically associated with causing diarrhea, gastric ulcers, or dilated pupils.

5. The nurse is caring for a patient who is at risk for infection. Which action by the nurse indicates correct understanding about standard precautions?

• A. Teaches the patient about good nutrition.
• B. Disposes of an uncapped needle in the designated container.
• C. Wears eyewear when emptying the urinary drainage bag.
• D. Dons gloves when wearing artificial nails.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct understanding of standard precautions includes wearing appropriate personal protective equipment to prevent exposure to body fluids. Wearing eyewear when emptying the urinary drainage bag is crucial as it protects the nurse's eyes from potential splashes of body fluids. Teaching the patient about good nutrition (Choice A) is important for overall health but is not directly related to standard precautions. Disposing of an uncapped needle correctly (Choice B) is part of safe needle handling but does not specifically relate to standard precautions. Donning gloves when wearing artificial nails (Choice D) is not a correct understanding of standard precautions, as artificial nails can harbor microorganisms and increase the risk of infection transmission.

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