a nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for efavirenz an nnrti which of the following instructions should the nurse inclu

ATI RN

ATI Proctored Pharmacology Test

1. A client has a new prescription for Efavirenz, an NNRTI. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A. Take this medication at bedtime to prevent drowsiness.
B. Take this medication with a glass of milk.
C. Take this medication with a glass of juice.
D. Take this medication at the same time every day.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction is to take Efavirenz at bedtime to prevent drowsiness and manage central nervous system side effects like dizziness and vivid dreams. While it is important to take the medication at the same time daily for consistent blood levels, the emphasis should be on bedtime to minimize the impact of these side effects. Choices B and C suggesting taking the medication with milk or juice are incorrect and not relevant to optimizing Efavirenz therapy.

2. A healthcare professional working in an emergency department is caring for a client who has Benzodiazepine toxicity due to an overdose. Which of the following actions is the healthcare professional's priority?

A. Administer flumazenil.
B. Identify the client's level of orientation.
C. Infuse IV fluids.
D. Prepare the client for gastric lavage.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When managing a client with Benzodiazepine toxicity, the priority action for the healthcare professional is to assess the client. Identifying the client's level of orientation allows the healthcare professional to understand the client's cognitive status, which is crucial for further interventions and decision-making in the care plan. Administering flumazenil (Choice A) may precipitate withdrawal symptoms and should be done cautiously. Infusing IV fluids (Choice C) can be important but is not the priority over assessing the client. Gastric lavage (Choice D) is not typically recommended due to the risk of complications and its limited effectiveness in cases of Benzodiazepine overdose.

3. Which statement is true about food and drug precautions?

A. Limiting certain types of food or administering certain types of drugs is necessary.
B. Certain combinations of food and drugs can cause adverse reactions.
C. Precautions may involve limiting certain types of food or administering drugs rather than restricting the drug itself.
D. When one drug alters the way another drug affects the body.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Certain combinations of food and drugs can indeed lead to adverse reactions. It is important to be cautious with the simultaneous intake of food and drugs as interactions between them can affect their efficacy and safety. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the potential risks associated with the combination of food and drugs.

4. What is the therapeutic use of Phenytoin?

A. Replacement in hypothyroidism to restore normal hormonal balance
B. Diminished accumulation of acid in the gastric lumen with lessened gastroesophageal reflux
C. Diminished seizure activity, termination of ventricular arrhythmias
D. Prevention of thrombus formation, prevention of extension of existing thrombi

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Phenytoin is primarily used to diminish seizure activity and is effective in terminating ventricular arrhythmias. It works by stabilizing neuronal membranes, reducing repetitive neuronal firing, and limiting the spread of seizure activity in the brain. While phenytoin does not have a direct role in preventing thrombus formation or extending existing thrombi, it is crucial in managing seizures and certain arrhythmias.

5. A client is being educated by a healthcare provider about a new prescription for Digoxin. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A. I will take the medication with a high-fiber meal.
B. I should report any vision changes to my healthcare provider.
C. I will take the medication if my heart rate is below 60 bpm.
D. I should avoid dairy products while taking this medication.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Visual disturbances, such as blurred vision or seeing halos, can be a sign of digoxin toxicity. It is crucial for the client to report any changes in vision to their healthcare provider promptly to prevent serious complications. Choice A is incorrect because taking Digoxin with a high-fiber meal can affect its absorption. Choice C is incorrect because taking Digoxin based on heart rate alone is not recommended without healthcare provider supervision. Choice D is incorrect because there is no specific interaction between Digoxin and dairy products.