Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who had a stroke. What instruction should the nurse provide?

• A. Avoid lifting more than 5 pounds.
• B. Perform range-of-motion exercises daily.
• C. Take medications at the same time every day.
• D. Monitor blood pressure daily.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Take medications at the same time every day.' Consistency in medication administration is crucial for stroke recovery to maintain therapeutic drug levels in the body. Choice A, 'Avoid lifting more than 5 pounds,' though important to prevent strain, is not directly related to medication adherence. Choice B, 'Perform range-of-motion exercises daily,' is beneficial for overall recovery but is not specific to medication management. Choice D, 'Monitor blood pressure daily,' is important but does not address the key aspect of medication regimen adherence.

2. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has osteoporosis about preventing fractures. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Increase your intake of calcium-rich foods.
• B. Avoid weight-bearing exercises.
• C. Perform weight-bearing exercises regularly.
• D. Avoid taking calcium supplements.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct instruction the nurse should include is to perform weight-bearing exercises regularly. Weight-bearing exercises help maintain bone density and reduce the risk of fractures in clients with osteoporosis. Increasing intake of calcium-rich foods (Choice A) is also beneficial for bone health. Avoiding weight-bearing exercises (Choice B) is incorrect as these exercises are essential for strengthening bones. Avoiding calcium supplements (Choice D) may not be necessary if the client's dietary intake is inadequate.

3. A nurse is preparing to administer a controlled substance. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Witness the waste of the controlled substance by another nurse
• B. Dispose of the controlled substance by yourself
• C. Leave the controlled substance in the client's room for later use
• D. Document the administration and sign off at the end of the shift

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse preparing to administer a controlled substance is to witness the waste of the controlled substance by another nurse. This practice is crucial to prevent misuse and ensure accurate documentation. Choice B is incorrect because disposing of the controlled substance by oneself without proper witnessing is not in accordance with safety protocols. Choice C is incorrect as leaving a controlled substance unattended in a client's room poses risks of diversion or unauthorized access. Choice D is incorrect because documenting the administration and signing off at the end of the shift is important but does not specifically address the issue of witnessing the waste of a controlled substance, which is a critical step in ensuring proper handling and accountability.

4. A client at 10 weeks of gestation with a history of UTIs is receiving teaching from a nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

• A. You should drink 240 ml (8 oz) of water before and after intercourse.
• B. You should avoid drinking orange juice because it increases the risk of infection.
• C. You should empty your bladder after intercourse to help prevent infection.
• D. You should take a hot bath to help prevent infection.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include is to advise the client to empty their bladder after intercourse to help prevent UTIs. Emptying the bladder after intercourse helps reduce the risk of UTIs by flushing bacteria from the urethra. Choice A is incorrect as drinking water before and after intercourse is not specifically related to preventing UTIs. Choice B is incorrect as there is no direct correlation between orange juice consumption and UTI risk. Choice D is incorrect as taking a hot bath can actually increase the risk of UTIs by promoting bacterial growth.

5. What is the initial intervention for a patient experiencing an allergic reaction?

• A. Administer antihistamines
• B. Administer corticosteroids
• C. Administer oxygen
• D. Administer IV fluids

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to administer antihistamines as the initial intervention for a patient experiencing an allergic reaction. Antihistamines work to block the effects of histamine, a substance released during an allergic reaction, helping to relieve symptoms such as itching, swelling, and hives. Corticosteroids (Choice B) are sometimes used in severe cases to reduce inflammation, but they are not the first-line treatment for an allergic reaction. Administering oxygen (Choice C) may be necessary if the patient is having difficulty breathing, but it is not the first intervention. IV fluids (Choice D) are typically given for conditions like dehydration or shock, not as the primary intervention for an allergic reaction.

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