Nursing Elites

1. A client with nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus is receiving dietary teaching from a nurse and plans to make dietary adjustments. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Consume less than 45% of total calories from carbohydrates per day.
• B. Eat no more than 300 mg of cholesterol per day.
• C. Consume less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight of protein per day.
• D. Eat at least 45 g of fiber per day.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: For a client with nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus, increasing fiber intake is essential as it can help manage blood sugar levels and improve overall bowel health. Choice A is incorrect because carbohydrates should be controlled but not limited to less than 45% of total calories. Choice B is incorrect as the recommended daily cholesterol intake for individuals with diabetes is less than 200 mg. Choice C is incorrect as protein intake should be individualized based on the client's condition and should not be limited to less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight per day.

2. Because of increasing cases of fluorosis, low levels of fluoride are added to commercial infant formula. Breast milk provides low levels of fluoride.

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The first statement is false; fluoride is not added to infant formulas due to the risk of fluorosis. The second statement is true; breast milk contains low levels of fluoride.

3. A nurse is instructing a group of clients about nutrition and eating foods high in iron. The nurse should include that which of the following aids in the absorption of iron?

• A. Fiber
• B. Vitamin A
• C. Vitamin C
• D. Oxalates

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin C aids in the absorption of iron by enhancing the body's ability to absorb non-heme iron, which is found in plant-based foods. This vitamin helps convert iron into a form that is more easily absorbed in the intestines. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because fiber, Vitamin A, and oxalates can actually inhibit the absorption of iron. Fiber can bind to iron and reduce its absorption, Vitamin A does not directly enhance iron absorption, and oxalates found in some foods like spinach and rhubarb can also hinder iron absorption.

4. What differentiates one amino acid from another?

• A. The amine group
• B. The acid group
• C. The side chain
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The side chain, also known as the R group, is what differentiates one amino acid from another. It imparts unique properties to each amino acid, thereby influencing their roles and functions in proteins. The amine group (Choice A) and the acid group (Choice B) are components of all amino acids and do not cause the differences among various amino acids. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests that none of the given options account for the differences, which is not true as the side chain does.

5. A factor contributing to the risk for dehydration in the older adult is that _____.

• A. drinking fluids causes loss of bladder control
• B. older adults do not seem to notice mouth dryness as readily as younger people
• C. increased fluid intake will decrease the intake of nutrient-dense foods
• D. changes in intestinal motility contribute to excess fluid loss

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Older adults may not notice mouth dryness as readily as younger individuals, increasing their risk for dehydration, especially if they do not consciously increase fluid intake.

Similar Questions