Nursing Elites

1. A client with diabetes mellitus has a foot ulcer. What is an appropriate intervention to promote wound healing?

• A. Apply a heating pad to the wound
• B. Apply a moisture-retentive dressing
• C. Provide daily wound irrigation
• D. Apply an ice pack to the wound

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to apply a moisture-retentive dressing. This type of dressing promotes a moist wound environment, which is crucial for wound healing. Applying a heating pad can lead to tissue damage, while daily wound irrigation can disrupt the wound healing process. Applying an ice pack is not recommended for promoting wound healing in this scenario.

2. A healthcare professional is reviewing the health history of a client who has a hip fracture. What is a risk factor for developing pressure injuries?

• A. Increased fluid intake
• B. Urinary incontinence
• C. Poor nutrition
• D. Immobility

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Urinary incontinence is a risk factor for developing pressure injuries as it can lead to skin breakdown due to constant exposure to moisture and irritation. Increased fluid intake is important for hydration and overall health but is not directly linked to pressure injuries. Poor nutrition can impair wound healing but is not a direct risk factor for pressure injuries. Immobility can contribute to the development of pressure injuries but is not as directly related as urinary incontinence.

3. A nurse is preparing to perform an abdominal assessment on a client. Which action should the nurse take first?

• A. Percuss the abdomen
• B. Inspect the abdomen
• C. Auscultate before palpation
• D. Palpate the abdomen

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to auscultate before palpation. This ensures that bowel sounds are not altered by physical manipulation. Inspecting the abdomen is a valid step but not the first. Percussing and palpating should come after auscultation to prevent altering bowel sounds or causing discomfort to the client.

4. A client is being taught about measures to promote sleep for insomnia. Which client statement indicates understanding?

• A. I will take naps during the day to help me sleep at night
• B. I should drink caffeine to help me stay awake during the day
• C. I should reduce my fluid intake 2 hours before bedtime
• D. I should exercise right before bed to tire myself out

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. By reducing fluid intake 2 hours before bedtime, the client can prevent nighttime awakenings to urinate, which promotes better sleep. Napping during the day (choice A) may interfere with nighttime sleep. Drinking caffeine (choice B) can disrupt sleep patterns. Exercising right before bed (choice D) can actually stimulate the body and make it harder to fall asleep.

5. A healthcare professional is teaching a client about the use of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Which instruction should the professional include?

• A. Inhale for 1 second
• B. Shake the inhaler vigorously
• C. Hold the inhaler 5-7 cm away from the mouth
• D. Hold breath for 5 seconds after inhalation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct instruction when using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is to shake the inhaler vigorously before use. Shaking the inhaler ensures proper mixing of the medication, which is crucial for effective delivery of the medication into the lungs. Inhaling for a specific duration, holding the inhaler at a certain distance from the mouth, or holding the breath after inhalation are not as critical as ensuring proper mixing of the medication by shaking the inhaler.

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