Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare professional is reviewing the health history of a client who has a hip fracture. What is a risk factor for developing pressure injuries?

• A. Increased fluid intake
• B. Urinary incontinence
• C. Poor nutrition
• D. Immobility

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Urinary incontinence is a risk factor for developing pressure injuries as it can lead to skin breakdown due to constant exposure to moisture and irritation. Increased fluid intake is important for hydration and overall health but is not directly linked to pressure injuries. Poor nutrition can impair wound healing but is not a direct risk factor for pressure injuries. Immobility can contribute to the development of pressure injuries but is not as directly related as urinary incontinence.

2. A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for a narcotic medication. After administration, what should the nurse do with the unused portion?

• A. Document the amount wasted
• B. Store it for later use
• C. Discard it with another nurse as a witness
• D. Return it to the pharmacy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: After administering a narcotic medication, any unused portion should be discarded with another nurse as a witness. This procedure ensures proper disposal of controlled substances and prevents misuse or diversion. Storing it for later use (Choice B) is not appropriate due to safety concerns and legal regulations. Returning it to the pharmacy (Choice D) is also not recommended as the medication is already out of the pharmacy's control. Documenting the amount wasted (Choice A) is important for accurate record-keeping but does not address the immediate need for safe disposal of the unused narcotic medication.

3. A nurse is caring for a client who is postop following abdominal surgery. What behavior should the nurse identify as increasing the client's risk for constipation?

• A. Increased fiber intake
• B. Decreased physical activity
• C. Frequent urge suppression
• D. Adequate sleep

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decreased physical activity. Following abdominal surgery, reduced physical activity can contribute to constipation due to decreased bowel motility. Increased fiber intake (choice A) generally helps prevent constipation by adding bulk to the stool. Frequent urge suppression (choice C) may lead to issues like urinary retention but is not directly linked to constipation. Adequate sleep (choice D) is important for overall recovery but does not significantly impact constipation risk.

4. A nurse is caring for a client who reports pain and burning around the peripheral IV site. What is the nurse's priority action?

• A. Apply a warm compress
• B. Discontinue the IV line
• C. Increase the IV flow rate
• D. Elevate the limb

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Discontinue the IV line. When a client reports pain and burning around the peripheral IV site, it indicates possible phlebitis, which is inflammation of the vein. The priority action is to discontinue the IV line to prevent further complications such as infection or thrombosis. Applying a warm compress (Choice A) may worsen the inflammation. Increasing the IV flow rate (Choice C) can exacerbate the symptoms and elevate the risk of complications. Elevating the limb (Choice D) may provide comfort, but it does not address the underlying issue of phlebitis. Therefore, the priority action is to discontinue the IV line.

5. When admitting a client with meningococcal meningitis, what should the nurse do first?

• A. Administer antibiotics
• B. Place the client on droplet precautions
• C. Perform a lumbar puncture
• D. Initiate seizure precautions

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When admitting a client with meningococcal meningitis, the nurse's priority should be to place the client on droplet precautions. This is crucial to prevent the spread of the infection to others. Administering antibiotics, performing a lumbar puncture, and initiating seizure precautions are important interventions but should come after implementing droplet precautions to ensure the safety of both the client and others.

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