ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Assessment 1
1. A nurse is caring for a client prescribed montelukast. Which of the following should the nurse include in teaching related to this medication?
- A. Advise the client to take the medication once daily at bedtime
- B. This medication is for the acute management of asthma
- C. Avoid dairy products while taking this medication
- D. If the client forgets to take the medication for a few days, he should not double up on doses to catch up
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to advise the client to take montelukast once daily at bedtime to maintain therapeutic effects. Choice B is incorrect because montelukast is not typically used for acute asthma management but for chronic treatment. Choice C is incorrect as there are no known interactions between montelukast and dairy products. Choice D is incorrect as it is not safe to double up on doses if the client forgets to take the medication; the missed dose should be skipped and the regular dosing schedule maintained.
2. A nurse has provided education to a client regarding prescribed levothyroxine sodium. Which of the following client statements demonstrates understanding of medication administration?
- A. I should take my medication as needed to alleviate symptoms
- B. I should take the medication in divided doses to ensure therapeutic drug levels
- C. I should take the medication in the morning to prevent insomnia
- D. I should take the medication on a full stomach
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Levothyroxine should be taken once in the morning to prevent insomnia and maintain therapeutic levels.
3. A 45-year-old client is taking methylprednisolone. What pharmacologic action should the nurse expect with this therapy?
- A. Suppression of beta2 receptors
- B. Suppression of airway mucus production
- C. Fortification of bones
- D. Suppression of candidiasis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Suppression of airway mucus production. Corticosteroids like methylprednisolone are known to suppress airway mucus production. This action helps in reducing inflammation and swelling in the airways, making breathing easier for individuals with conditions like asthma or COPD. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Suppression of beta2 receptors is more related to beta-blockers, fortification of bones is associated with medications like bisphosphonates, and suppression of candidiasis is not a typical pharmacologic action of methylprednisolone.
4. A healthcare professional is caring for a client receiving gentamicin therapy. Which of the following client assessments is a priority for the healthcare professional to monitor for an adverse effect of this medication?
- A. Urinary output
- B. Serum glucose
- C. Respiratory rate
- D. Hearing acuity
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hearing acuity. Gentamicin is known to be ototoxic, which means it can cause damage to the auditory system leading to hearing loss. Monitoring hearing acuity is crucial to detect early signs of hearing impairment. Monitoring urinary output (choice A) is important for assessing kidney function but is not directly related to gentamicin's adverse effects. Monitoring serum glucose (choice B) and respiratory rate (choice C) are not specifically associated with gentamicin therapy.
5. A client has been prescribed lisinopril. Which of the following medication interactions should the nurse instruct this client about?
- A. Potassium supplements
- B. Ciprofloxacin
- C. Escitalopram
- D. Magnesium supplements
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Potassium supplements. Clients taking lisinopril should avoid potassium supplements and potassium-sparing diuretics due to the risk of hyperkalemia. This interaction can lead to dangerously high levels of potassium in the blood, which can be harmful. Choice B, Ciprofloxacin, is not typically associated with a significant interaction with lisinopril. Choice C, Escitalopram, is an antidepressant and does not have a known significant interaction with lisinopril regarding potassium levels. Choice D, Magnesium supplements, are generally safe to take with lisinopril and do not pose a significant risk of hyperkalemia.
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