Nursing Elites

1. When admitting a client with meningococcal meningitis, what should the nurse do first?

• A. Administer antibiotics
• B. Place the client on droplet precautions
• C. Perform a lumbar puncture
• D. Initiate seizure precautions

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When admitting a client with meningococcal meningitis, the nurse's priority should be to place the client on droplet precautions. This is crucial to prevent the spread of the infection to others. Administering antibiotics, performing a lumbar puncture, and initiating seizure precautions are important interventions but should come after implementing droplet precautions to ensure the safety of both the client and others.

2. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being taught breathing exercises by a nurse. What instruction should the nurse include to improve oxygenation?

• A. Use pursed-lip breathing during activities
• B. Use deep breathing exercises after meals
• C. Perform diaphragmatic breathing during exercise
• D. Breathe in short, shallow breaths

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction the nurse should include to improve oxygenation for a client with COPD is to 'Use pursed-lip breathing during activities.' Pursed-lip breathing helps improve oxygenation by slowing down the respiratory rate, reducing the work of breathing, and keeping the airways open. This technique also helps prevent the collapse of small airways during exhalation, allowing for more complete emptying of the lungs. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because deep breathing exercises after meals, diaphragmatic breathing during exercise, and breathing in short, shallow breaths do not specifically target the improvement of oxygenation in individuals with COPD.

3. A healthcare professional is preparing to transfer a client from a chair to the bed. The client can bear partial weight and has upper body strength. Which device should the professional use?

• A. Gait belt
• B. Mechanical lift
• C. Stand-assist lift
• D. Slide board

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A stand-assist lift is the most suitable device for transferring a client who can bear partial weight and has upper body strength. This lift provides support and assistance for clients to stand up and be safely transferred. A gait belt is used for providing support during walking or transferring short distances for clients who need minimal assistance with balance and strength. A mechanical lift is typically used for clients who are non-weight bearing or have limited weight-bearing capacity. A slide board is utilized for transferring clients who are unable to bear weight on their legs and need assistance in sliding from one surface to another.

4. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to a client. What is the appropriate site for the injection to avoid injury?

• A. Deltoid
• B. Ventrogluteal
• C. Rectus femoris
• D. Dorsogluteal

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The ventrogluteal site is the preferred site for intramuscular injections to avoid injury to nerves or blood vessels. The deltoid site is commonly used for vaccines but has a higher risk of hitting the radial nerve. The rectus femoris site is not typically recommended for intramuscular injections. The dorsogluteal site is contraindicated due to the proximity to the sciatic nerve and major blood vessels.

5. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with a new diagnosis of hypertension. What lifestyle modification should the nurse emphasize?

• A. Decrease potassium intake
• B. Increase fluid intake to 2 liters per day
• C. Avoid foods high in calcium
• D. Increase sodium intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct lifestyle modification that the nurse should emphasize for a client with hypertension is to increase fluid intake to 2 liters per day. Proper hydration helps manage hypertension by supporting kidney function in regulating blood pressure and by diluting sodium levels in the body. Decreasing potassium intake (Choice A) is not recommended, as potassium-rich foods like fruits and vegetables are beneficial for blood pressure control. Avoiding foods high in calcium (Choice C) is not directly related to managing hypertension, and increasing sodium intake (Choice D) is contraindicated as excess sodium can elevate blood pressure.

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