Nursing Elites

1. A girl, age 5 1/2 years, has been sent to the school nurse for urinary incontinence three times in the past 2 days. The nurse should recommend to her parent that the first action is to have the child evaluated for what condition?

• A. School phobia
• B. Glomerulonephritis
• C. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
• D. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Urinary tract infections are a common cause of sudden onset urinary incontinence in children. While school phobia and ADHD can cause behavioral changes, a medical condition like a UTI should be ruled out first.

2. The nurse is preparing to administer a measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccine. Which is a contraindication associated with administering this vaccine?

• A. The child has recently been exposed to an infectious disease
• B. The child has symptoms of a cold but no fever
• C. The child is having intermittent episodes of diarrhea
• D. The child has a disorder that causes a deficient immune system

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A compromised immune system is a contraindication for the MMRV vaccine because it is a live attenuated vaccine and could potentially cause an infection in an immunocompromised child.

3. In children with Type 1 diabetes, what is a common early sign of hypoglycemia?

• A. Irritability
• B. Rapid heartbeat
• C. Confusion
• D. Sweating

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sweating is indeed one of the earliest signs of hypoglycemia in children with Type 1 diabetes. When blood sugar levels drop too low, the body releases stress hormones like adrenaline, which can lead to sweating. While irritability, rapid heartbeat, and confusion can also be seen in hypoglycemia, sweating is particularly common as a quick indicator of low blood sugar levels in children with Type 1 diabetes.

4. An infant, age 6 months, has six teeth. The nurse should recognize that this is what?

• A. Normal tooth eruption
• B. Delayed tooth eruption
• C. Unusual and dangerous
• D. Earlier than expected tooth eruption

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Having six teeth at 6 months is earlier than the typical tooth eruption schedule, but it is not unusual or dangerous. It is within the range of normal variations in infant development.

5. Which family theory explains how families react to stressful events and suggests factors that promote adaptation to these events?

• A. Interactional theory
• B. Family stress theory
• C. Erikson's psychosocial theory
• D. Developmental systems theory

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Family stress theory explains how families respond to stress and identifies factors that help families adapt to and manage stressful events effectively.

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