Nursing Elites

1. A dental hygienist finds several new carious lesions in a patient with chronic obstructive respiratory disease (COPD). While conducting the medical and dental histories, the dental hygienist is most likely to find an increased use of which of the following?

• A. Protein
• B. Cough drops
• C. Fluoride
• D. Xylitol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cough drops. Patients with COPD often use cough drops to manage their symptoms, which can lead to an increase in carious lesions due to their sugar content. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as protein, fluoride, and xylitol are not typically associated with an increased risk of carious lesions in patients with COPD.

2. A nurse is providing teaching to a client with gastroesophageal reflux. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

• A. I should elevate the head of my bed while sleeping.
• B. I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.
• C. I take my time when I am eating.
• D. I avoid foods and drinks made with chocolate.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.' Excessive coffee consumption can aggravate gastroesophageal reflux due to its acidic nature. Choices A, C, and D are all appropriate self-care measures for managing gastroesophageal reflux. Elevating the head of the bed while sleeping helps prevent acid reflux, eating slowly can reduce reflux episodes, and avoiding trigger foods like chocolate can help alleviate symptoms.

3. Fires are approached using the mnemonic RACE, in which, R stands for:

• A. Run
• B. Race
• C. Rescue
• D. Remove

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

4. Onset frequently occurs after the age of 40.

• A. Type 1 Diabetes
• B. Type 2 Diabetes
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Type 2 Diabetes. Type 2 Diabetes commonly presents with an onset after the age of 40, although it is now also seen in younger individuals due to lifestyle factors such as poor diet and lack of exercise. Type 1 Diabetes, on the other hand, typically develops in childhood or adolescence and is not associated with age over 40. Choices C and D are left blank as they are not relevant to the question.

5. A client has bilateral eye patches in place following an injury. When the client's food tray arrives, which of the following interventions should the nurse take to promote independence in eating?

• A. Assign an assistive personnel to feed the client.
• B. Explain to the client that their tray is here and guide their hands to it.
• C. Describe to the client the location of the food on the tray.
• D. Ask the client if they would prefer a liquid diet.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a client has bilateral eye patches, promoting independence in eating is crucial to maintain dignity and autonomy. Describing the location of the food on the tray enables the client to locate and feed themselves. Assigning assistive personnel to feed the client (Choice A) takes away their independence. Merely informing the client that the tray is here and guiding their hands to it (Choice B) does not empower the client to eat independently. Asking if the client prefers a liquid diet (Choice D) is not directly addressing the client's ability to independently eat the current meal.

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