Nursing Elites

1. A client with a diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus develops pneumonia. What type of infection is this?

• A. An opportunistic infection
• B. A root cause infection
• C. A pathogenic infection
• D. A nosocomial infection

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: An opportunistic infection. In patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), infections like pneumonia are considered opportunistic because they take advantage of a weakened immune system. Option B, root cause infection, is incorrect as it does not describe the nature of the infection in relation to the patient's condition. Option C, pathogenic infection, is incorrect because while pneumonia is caused by pathogens, in the context of HIV, it is specifically termed as an opportunistic infection. Option D, nosocomial infection, is also incorrect as it refers to infections acquired in a healthcare setting, not related to the patient's HIV status.

2. A client is experiencing numbness and tingling distal to a new arm cast with no increase in pain. The nurse assesses that the client's fingers are pale, cool and swollen. What action does the nurse take next?

• A. Remove the cast to decrease pressure
• B. Raise the arm above the level of the heart
• C. Apply heat to the affected hand
• D. Encourage range of motion

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

3. What is the best nursing intervention for a client with limited mobility who cannot move independently?

• A. Passive range of motion
• B. Pillows for positioning
• C. Active range of motion
• D. Continuous passive motion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The best nursing intervention for a client with limited mobility who cannot move independently is passive range of motion. Passive range of motion exercises help maintain joint flexibility, prevent contractures, and improve circulation in immobile clients. Choice B, pillows for positioning, may provide comfort but does not address the need for joint movement. Choice C, active range of motion, requires the client's active participation, which is not feasible for someone with limited mobility. Choice D, continuous passive motion, is more commonly used in rehabilitation settings for specific joints and is not typically the primary intervention for overall limited mobility.

4. A nurse assesses an area of skin over a bony prominence. What finding would be most concerning?

• A. Redness
• B. Non-blanching
• C. Blanching
• D. Warmth

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

5. Which of the following nonpharmacological methods cannot be used to manage the chronic pain of a client with rheumatoid arthritis?

• A. Adequate rest
• B. Heat for 20-30 minutes
• C. Hot showers
• D. Ice for 2 hours at a time

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

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