Nursing Elites

1. A client with a diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus develops pneumonia. What type of infection is this?

• A. An opportunistic infection
• B. A root cause infection
• C. A pathogenic infection
• D. A nosocomial infection

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: An opportunistic infection. In patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), infections like pneumonia are considered opportunistic because they take advantage of a weakened immune system. Option B, root cause infection, is incorrect as it does not describe the nature of the infection in relation to the patient's condition. Option C, pathogenic infection, is incorrect because while pneumonia is caused by pathogens, in the context of HIV, it is specifically termed as an opportunistic infection. Option D, nosocomial infection, is also incorrect as it refers to infections acquired in a healthcare setting, not related to the patient's HIV status.

2. What are nonsurgical treatment options for carpal tunnel syndrome? (Select all that apply)

• A. Using a splint
• B. Ultrasound therapy
• C. Endoscopic carpal tunnel release
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' Non-surgical treatments for carpal tunnel syndrome include using a splint, ultrasound therapy, corticosteroid injections, and NSAIDs. Choice A is correct as using a splint helps to keep the wrist in a neutral position, reducing pressure on the median nerve. Choice B is correct as ultrasound therapy can help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms. Choice C, 'Endoscopic carpal tunnel release,' is incorrect as it is a surgical procedure, not a nonsurgical treatment option for carpal tunnel syndrome.

3. A nurse is assessing a client with hallux valgus. What is another term for this assessment finding?

• A. Thoracic deformity
• B. A bunion
• C. A corn
• D. Metacarpal involvement

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hallux valgus is commonly known as a bunion, which is a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe. A) Thoracic deformity is unrelated to hallux valgus. C) A corn is a thickened area of skin on the foot, not synonymous with hallux valgus. D) Metacarpal involvement refers to the hand, not the foot where hallux valgus occurs.

4. A client with lupus experience Raynaud's phenomenon. What should the nurse include when providing client education about this?

• A. In order to avoid flare-ups of Raynaud's, ensure you wear gloves in winter.'
• B. In order to avoid flare-ups of Raynaud's, ensure you brush your teeth for 2 minutes.'
• C. In order to avoid flare-ups of Raynaud's, ensure to keep cool.'
• D. In order to avoid flare-ups of Raynaud's, ensure you wear sunscreen.'

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

5. What is the likely reason that a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) would succumb to pneumonia while a healthy person exposed to the same infection did not?

• A. The client with AIDS is a susceptible host
• B. The client with AIDS has greater immune defenses
• C. The client with AIDS was not as careful
• D. The client with AIDS has more portals of entry

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

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